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RN Nursing School · Med-Surg · 836 questions

Renal and Urinary Disorders practice questions

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  1. 1Electrolytes are charged ions dissolved in body fluids. Below are several statements regarding electrolytes. Please select 3 correct answer choices.Answer →
  2. 2A nurse is assisting in the post-dialysis plan of care for a client who is receiving hemodialysis treatment for chronic kidney disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?Answer →
  3. 3Which element of intermittent self-catheterization will the nurse emphasize as most important for infection control when providing teaching to a patient with chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) because of incomplete bladder emptying?Answer →
  4. 4A nurse is caring for a client admitted with vomiting and diarrhea for 3 days. The nurse reviews the client's trend in assessment findings. Based on the trend in data, which action should the nurse take first?Answer →
  5. 5A nurse is reinforcing teaching about renal transplant with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having a contraindication for this procedure?Answer →
  6. 6A nurse is collecting data for a client who has fluid volume deficit. Which of the following is an expected finding?Answer →
  7. 7A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client and identifies a serum potassium 6.8 mEq/L. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?Answer →
  8. 8A nurse is planning on teaching a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  9. 9A nurse is caring for a patient who has a left renal calculus and an indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse notes flank pain radiating to the lower abdomen, a WBC of 15,000/mm², and the client reports nausea. Two hours later, the catheter drainage bag remains empty despite adequate fluid intake. Which finding is the priority to report to the provider?Answer →
  10. 10Which of the following patients would be the best candidate for intermittent hemodialysis over peritoneal dialysis?Answer →
  11. 11A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client and identifies a serum potassium 6.8 mEq/L. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?Answer →
  12. 12Which factor increases the risk of infection in patients with an arteriovenous fistula?Answer →
  13. 13An adult client has been hospitalized with pyelonephritis. The nurse's review of the client's intake and output records reveals that the client has been consuming between 3 L and 3.5 L of oral fluid each day since admission. How should the nurse best respond to this finding?Answer →
  14. 14A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a blood sampling for a serum creatinine level. The client asks the nurse, "What is the purpose for this test?" Which of the following responses should the nurse give?Answer →
  15. 15Which drug will the nurse anticipate incorporating into the plan of care for a 32-year-old female patient who reports urinary frequency, urgency, discomfort upon urination, and a temperature of 101.2°F (38.4°C)?Answer →
  16. 16A client diagnosed with a lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is seen in the clinic. The nurse explains the infection to the client. Where in the urinary tract does the nurse tell the client that the infection is located?Answer →
  17. 17A client with prostatitis secondary to a kidney infection has received instructions on the management of the condition at home and prevention of recurrence the nurse determines that the client understood the instructions if the client has verbalized that he will:Answer →
  18. 18A nurse is performing an assessment on a client who has returned from the dialysis unit following modialysis. The client is complaining of headache and nausea and is extremely restless. Which is the priority nursing action?Answer →
  19. 19The nurse is caring for a client scheduled for renal angiography following a motor vehicle accident. What client preparation should the nurse most likely provide before this test?Answer →
  20. 20A nurse is planning to monitor a client for dehydration. Which finding indicates dehydration?Answer →
  21. 21A nurse is caring for a client admitted with hypokalemia who reports fatigue, generalized muscle weakness, and palpitations. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse prioritize?Answer →
  22. 22A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has urolithiasis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?Answer →
  23. 23Following a hemodialysis session, a client reports muscle cramps. What should the nurse understand as the primary cause of this symptom?Answer →
  24. 24A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a continuous IV through a peripheral intravenous device. The nurse notes the catheter site is cool, with swelling, and painful to touch. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  25. 25A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who collapsed after playing football on a hot day. The nurse reviews the following laboratory results: Sodium: 152 mEq/L Potassium: 3.6 mEq/L BUN: 102 mg/dL Creatinine: 0.7 mg/dL Glucose: 18 mg/dL Chloride: 105 mEq/L Which of the following conditions are these findings most consistent with?Answer →
  26. 26When assessing an immobile patient for potential urinary complications, what is an essential nursing observation?Answer →
  27. 27A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?Answer →
  28. 28A patient has end-stage kidney disease, pancreatitis, and a past surgical history of their parathyroid removal. The client reports of muscle cramps. The nurse understands to check for Chevostek's sign because of which of the following possible effects of the patients medical and surgical history.Answer →
  29. 29A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a blood sampling for a serum creatinine level. The client asks the nurse, "What is the purpose for this test?" Which of the following responses should the nurse give?Answer →
  30. 30A nurse is collecting data for a middle-aged client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  31. 31A client admitted with nephrotic syndrome is being cared for on the medical unit. When writing this client's care plan, based on the major clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse include?Answer →
  32. 32A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a potential causative factor?Answer →
  33. 33A nurse is monitoring a client who is dehydrated. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse report to the provider?Answer →
  34. 34A nurse is caring for a client who has newly diagnosed polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The client asks, "Did I do something to my body to get this disease?" Which of the following statements from the nurse is the most accurate response?Answer →
  35. 35A nurse is assessing an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should recognize which of the following conditions can cause incontinence in the older adult client?Answer →
  36. 36An older adult client in a long-term care facility has dementia and begins to have frequent episodes of urinary incontinence. After the provider finds no medical cause for his incontinence, which of the following interventions should the nurse initiate to manage this behavior?Answer →
  37. 37A nurse is providing teaching to a client about completing a creatinine clearance test. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  38. 38Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing [blank1], 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition [blank2], [blank3], and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress [blank4] and [blank5].Answer →
  39. 39A 72-year-old patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia and a history of frequent UTIs is admitted to the hospital with chills, fever, and nausea and vomiting. To determine whether the patient has an upper UTI, the nurse will assess forAnswer →
  40. 40Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) BID for 7 days is ordered for a patient who has a recurrent relapse of an Escherichia coli UTI. The nurse instructs the patient toAnswer →
  41. 41A nurse is caring for a female client who is receiving intravenous gentamicin. Which of the following laboratory values is the priority to report to the provider?Answer →
  42. 42A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings require immediate follow-up by the nurse. (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  43. 43A client has a serum sodium level of 155 mEq/L (155 mmol/L). The nurse should encourage the client to make which selection from the lunch menu? Reference Range: Sodium [136 to 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mmol/L)]Answer →
  44. 44A nurse is assessing a client in the prerenal stage of acute renal failure caused by hypovolemia after several days of vomiting and poor oral intake. Which findings should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.Answer →
  45. 45A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride elixir 20 mEq. Available is 10 mEq/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to nearest whole number.)Answer →
  46. 46The nurse instructs a newly hired nurse on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Which statement by the new nurse indicates an understanding of PD?Answer →
  47. 47A nurse is monitoring a client who is recovering from a colonoscopy. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of hypovolemic shock?Answer →
  48. 48A nurse is caring for several clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following clients have an elevated risk for fluid volume excess (FVE)? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  49. 49A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from a client who has cystitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  50. 50A nurse teaches a client who has a history of recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones. Which of these instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  51. 51A client with an arteriovenous fistula in the left arm who is undergoing hemodialysis is at risk for infection. Which would the nurse formulate as the best outcome goal for this client problem?Answer →
  52. 52A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as having the potential to cause nephrotoxicity?Answer →
  53. 53A nurse in a provider's office is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to undergo a cystoscopy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  54. 54Which of the following patients is most at-risk for urge incontinence?Answer →
  55. 55A patient on dialysis has scheduled medications due. What should the nurse do?Answer →
  56. 56A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a blood sampling for a serum creatinine level. The client asks the nurse, "What is the purpose for this test?" Which of the following responses should the nurse give?Answer →
  57. 57A client with chronic kidney disease on mechanical ventilation shows symptoms of fluid overload and hyperkalemia. Which intervention is most critical at this time?Answer →
  58. 58A 65-year-old male patient is admitted on the unit. The patient is in a confused state due to urinary tract infection. Which of the following is a risk factor for UTI in older adults?Answer →
  59. 59A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of peritonitis?Answer →
  60. 60A nurse is preparing to obtain a daily weight from a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement?Answer →
  61. 61A nurse is caring for a client with fluid volume excess. Which laboratory finding(s) should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.Answer →
  62. 62A nurse is reviewing the chart of a client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). The provider notes the cause is prerenal. Based on this information, which finding would best explain the client's kidney injury?Answer →
  63. 63Which phase of acute renal failure signals that glomerular filtration has started to recover?Answer →
  64. 64The common symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection are as follows: (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  65. 65Which statement made by a patient will the nurse immediately report to the health care provider prior to the patient receiving extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)?Answer →
  66. 66A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who takes furosemide and has a serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to include in his daily diet?Answer →
  67. 67The nurse is planning a nutritional class for adequate daily intake of water. Which population of clients should drink the most amount of water to remain adequately hydrated?Answer →
  68. 68A nurse is preparing to administer 40 mEq of potassium chloride in 0.45% sodium chloride (NaCl) 500 mL IV to infuse 10 mEq/hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)Answer →
  69. 69When caring for a client with hyponatremia, which action will the nurse anticipate for this client?Answer →
  70. 70Which information would the nurse provide when teaching a patient who is taking folic acid while undergoing dialysis?Answer →
  71. 71A nurse is caring for a client who is admitted for acute kidney injury (AKI). Which finding suggests AKI?Answer →
  72. 72Which patient statement indicates effective teaching related to the importance of a low-purine diet in treatment of uric acid urolithiasis?Answer →
  73. 73Which of the following is the most common stone that causes renal calculi?Answer →
  74. 74A nurse is assessing a client with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who has missed two dialysis sessions. The client reports nausea, fatigue, intense itching and a metallic taste in the mouth. Vital signs show BP 168/94 mm Hg and HR 98/min. Which clinical finding is the nurse most likely to observe in this client?Answer →
  75. 75A nurse is caring for a group of clients diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). While teaching about ways to slow the progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which of the following topics would be most important for the nurse to include?Answer →
  76. 76A nurse is caring for a client admitted for pyelonephritis. The client's history includes frequent urinary tract infections (UTI). Which of the following statements by the client indicates that they are suffering from a psychosocial effect from frequent UTIs?Answer →
  77. 77A child is brought into the clinic with symptoms of edema and dark brown rusty urine. Which nursing assessment finding would best assist in determining the cause of this problem?Answer →
  78. 78When administering IV fluids to a patient with renal failure, the nurse prioritizes which of the following assessments?Answer →
  79. 79A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury. The client's ABGs are: pH: 7.26 PaCO2: 30 mm Hg HCO3: 14 mEq/L Which of the following acid-imbalances should the nurse identify the client is experiencing?Answer →
  80. 80For each clinical finding listed below, indicate whether it is a risk factor or a complication of pyelonephritis. Findings may be associated with both risk factors and complications. Note: Each category must have at least 1 response option selected.Answer →
  81. 81Which of the following conditions would be the most urgent indication for initiating renal replacement therapy in a patient with acute kidney injury?Answer →
  82. 82A 14-year-old boy has been brought to the emergency department by his mother in excruciating pain that is radiating from his scrotum to his inguinal area. The boy's heart rate is 122 beats per minute and he has vomited twice before arrival at the hospital. Examination reveals that his scrotum is reddened and slightly swollen, and the testes are tender to the touch, with extensive cremaster (inguinal) muscle contraction noted. What is the boy's most likely diagnosis?Answer →
  83. 83The nurse is conducting a teaching session for a client with a diagnosis of calcium oxalate renal calculi. Which statement made by the client indicates further education is needed?Answer →
  84. 84A 57-year-old client comes to the clinic and reports seeing blood in the urine on several occasions over the past 2 weeks. The client denies pain, fever, or burning with urination. Which finding should the nurse recognize as the most concerning early indicator of possible bladder cancer?Answer →
  85. 85A nurse is reviewing data for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following data should the nurse identify as the best indicator of fluid volume status?Answer →
  86. 86A nurse is caring for a client admitted for pyelonephritis. The client's history includes frequent urinary tract infections (UTI). Which of the following statements by the client indicates that they are suffering from a psychosocial effect from frequent UTIs?Answer →
  87. 87A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride 20 mEq. The amount available is potassium chloride liquid 40 mEq/15 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) mLAnswer →
  88. 88A nurse is caring for a 68-kg (150-lb) client who has dehydration. Which of the following manifestations is an indication of effective treatment?Answer →
  89. 89Which action would the nurse take for a patient who underwent a radical nephrectomy along with the removal of the affected adrenal gland, based on the information documented in the health record? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.Answer →
  90. 90A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as having the potential to cause nephrotoxicity?Answer →
  91. 91A nurse is assessing a client. Which of the following findings indicates a fluid volume deficit?Answer →
  92. 92A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney failure about planning a low-protein diet. The client states, "Why do I have to be concerned about protein?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make?Answer →
  93. 93A 45-year-old female presents to the emergency department with fever, flank pain, and dysuria. Further evaluation reveals a diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Applying knowledge of its pathophysiology, what process is likely occurring in the kidneys during acute pyelonephritis?Answer →
  94. 94Hemodialysis is appropriate for which of the following clients?Answer →
  95. 95A nurse is discussing indications for urinary catheterization, indwelling or intermittent, with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following indications should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  96. 96A nurse is caring for a client being treated with IV vancomycin for a severe MRSA infection. Over the past 24 hours, the client's urine output has dropped to 20 ml/hr, and their creatinine has increased from 0.9 to 2.3 mg/dL. The provider suspects acute kidney injury related to the medication. This type of renal failure is classified as:Answer →
  97. 97The nurse is assessing the client 12 hr later. How should the nurse interpret the findings? For each finding, click to specify whether the finding is unrelated to the diagnosis, a sign of potential improvement, or a sign of potential worsening condition.Answer →
  98. 98A 20-year-old male client reports to the college health center, reporting burning upon urination. What priority question will the nurse ask?Answer →
  99. 99How should the nurse explain the pathophysiological process underlying endometriosis?Answer →
  100. 100A client diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis reports cola-colored urine and swelling in the extremities. What is the priority nursing intervention?Answer →
  101. 101A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  102. 102The nurse plans care for an older adult client admitted for a urinary tract infection. The client is confused, restless, and agitated. What action should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?Answer →
  103. 103Which staff member would be best to assign to care for a newly admitted patient who has diabetes, pyelonephritis, and prescriptions for IV antibiotics and who needs blood glucose monitoring every 2 hours and insulin administration?Answer →
  104. 104The nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client about a new prescription for furosemide. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?Answer →
  105. 105A patient admitted with dehydration secondary to prolonged diarrhea has a serum sodium level of 158 mEq/L. The patient appears restless and reports intense thirst. Vital signs show mild tachycardia. Which assessment is the nurse's priority?Answer →
  106. 106A nurse is caring for a client who just had an angiogram with contrast dye. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to be reduced if the client experiences an acute kidney injury?Answer →
  107. 107A nurse is calculating the total fluid intake for a client during an 8-hr period. The client consumes 2 cups of coffee. 4 oz of orange juice, 8 oz of water. 5 oz of broth, and 3 oz of water. The nurse should record how many mL of intake on the client's record?Answer →
  108. 108A nurse is assessing a client who has an arteriovenous (AV) graft in the left forearm. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a complication of vascular access?Answer →
  109. 109Drag from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing [blank1], 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition [blank2] and [blank3], and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress [blank4] and [blank5].Answer →
  110. 110A client being discharged home after renal transplantation has a risk for infection related to immunosuppressive medication therapy. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching on measures to prevent and control infection if the client states that it is necessary to take which action?Answer →
  111. 111ejection should the nurse include in client education? Select all that apply.Answer →
  112. 112A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been taking aluminum hydroxide gel. On the basis of this information, the nurse determines that the client is most at risk for which problem?Answer →
  113. 113The nurse is providing preprocedure teaching about an ultrasound. The nurse includes the fact that in preparation for an ultrasound of the lower urinary tract the client will require what intervention?Answer →
  114. 114The nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which complication would most clearly warrant the administration of polystyrene sulfonate?Answer →
  115. 115A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has hypertension and chronic kidney disease. The client is scheduled for hemodialysis. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take while caring for this client? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  116. 116The nurse is educating the parents of 10-year-old female who has been diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Which of the following measures should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  117. 117A client is being treated for acute kidney injury (AKI) and daily weights have been ordered. The nurse notes a weight gain of 3 pounds over the past 48 hours. What is suggested by this assessment finding?Answer →
  118. 118A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as a finding specifically associated with this client?Answer →
  119. 119A client with mixed incontinence will exhibit which symptoms?Answer →
  120. 120A nurse is planning care for a client who has renal stones and a urinary catheter in place. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?Answer →
  121. 121A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old client who was recently admitted from the emergency room and is reporting weakness. The client is experiencing Target and Target 2Answer →
  122. 122The nurse is receiving shift report on four clients. The nurse identifies which client as having the greatest risk for developing end-stage kidney disease?Answer →
  123. 123A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a potential causative factor?Answer →
  124. 124A nurse is precepting a student nurse, observing them care for a client who has a new arteriovenous (AV) graft in his left forearm. Which statement by the student nurse requires immediate follow-up?Answer →
  125. 125A nurse is assisting in the planning of care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend including in the plan of care?Answer →
  126. 126A client who frequently experiences intradialytic hypotension during hemodialysis sessions. After reviewing the client's medication and treatment plan, which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize to prevent further episodes?Answer →
  127. 127A client undergoes extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Before discharge, the nurse should provide which instruction?Answer →
  128. 128Which patient would the nurse assess first after receiving a change-of-shift report on the urology unit?Answer →
  129. 129A client with ureteral calculus anxiety diagnosis?Answer →
  130. 130A nurse is caring for a client and observes that the client's urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should recognize that these findings are associated with which of the following?Answer →
  131. 131A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following laboratory reports should the nurse expect to find?Answer →
  132. 132Which change in a patient's urine is most crucial for the nurse to immediately report to the health care provider?Answer →
  133. 133A nurse is reviewing laboratory and assessment findings for a client with suspected acute glomerulonephritis. Which findings should the nurse identify as consistent with this condition? Select all that apply.Answer →
  134. 134A nurse is assisting the nurse manager at a skilled nursing facility with decreasing the facility's rate of increasing UTI's. Which of the following should the nurse and nurse manager teach the nursing staff? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  135. 135Drag from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing [blank1], 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition [blank2] and [blank3], and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress [blank4] and [blank5].Answer →
  136. 136Which assessment finding in a patient who has undergone a nephrostomy indicates to the nurse that the drainage tube has become dislodged?Answer →
  137. 137A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving dialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?Answer →
  138. 138For which patient is the nurse most concerned about the risk for developing kidney disease?Answer →
  139. 139A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?Answer →
  140. 140A client with recurrent urinary tract infections has just undergone a cystoscopy and reports slight hematuria during the first void after the procedure. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?Answer →
  141. 141A patient with uric acid stones should avoid:Answer →
  142. 142A nurse is teaching a client and his partner about performing peritoneal dialysis at home. When discussing peritonitis. which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as the earliest indication of this complication?Answer →
  143. 143A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis and notes a decrease in the dialysate flow rate. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  144. 144A nurse is caring for a client who has an admitted diagnosis of renal calculi and medical history of hypertension and gout. The client works 6 days of the week outside in temperatures between 32.2°C and 37.8°C (90°F to 100°F). Which of the following should the nurse tell the client to prevent a reoccurrence of renal calculi?Answer →
  145. 145Which clinical manifestation would indicate an infection in a hospitalized patient 12 hours after a nephrostomy?Answer →
  146. 146A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following nutrients should the nurse instruct the client to limit?Answer →
  147. 147A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter and notes blood-tinged urine in the catheter bag. The nurse recognizes this finding can be a manifestation of which of the following urinary alterations?Answer →
  148. 148The nurse prepares several clients for hemodialysis. For which client should the nurse hold dialysis and contact the healthcare provider?Answer →
  149. 149A nurse is collecting data for a middle aged client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  150. 150A patient is admitted with a sodium level of 110 mEq/L. What is the priority nursing intervention?Answer →
  151. 151An 80-year-old client is brought to the emergency department from their long-term care facility. Which client cues are consistent with the diagnosis of dehydration? Select all that apply.Answer →
  152. 152A nurse reviews the history of a client with urinary incontinence and notes that the provider assessed deep tendon reflexes. Which problem is this assessment most likely intended to evaluate?Answer →
  153. 153A client admitted with impaired renal function is reporting severe, stabbing pain in the flank and lower abdomen is being assessed for renal calculi. The nurse recognizes that the stone is most likely in what anatomic location?Answer →
  154. 154A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  155. 155The nurse asks the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) assigned to a client who was admitted in fluid overload to keep strict record of the client's intake and output for the shift. The client drank 1 and a half 8-ounce servings of whole milk, 2 bottles of water that are 0.75 L each, and 1/2 cup of orange juice. What was the client's total intake for the shift?Answer →
  156. 156After receiving change-of-shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first?Answer →
  157. 157A nurse in the Emergency Department (ED) is caring for a 35-year-old Hispanic female client. Which of the following would let the nurse know the client is not ready for discharge?Answer →
  158. 158The nurse reviews the medical record of an older adult client admitted with chronic kidney disease. Which clinical finding is the priority to discuss with the healthcare provider?Answer →
  159. 159A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about pyelonephritis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  160. 160A nurse is caring for a client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  161. 161A client with a diagnosis of cystitis has an indwelling urinary catheter and is being cared for by a nursing assistant. The nurse observes the nursing assistant care for the client and intervenes if the nursing assistant:Answer →
  162. 162A nurse is caring for a client who is 24 hours postoperative following a cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion. Which of the following nursing actions is most appropriate to include in the plan of care?Answer →
  163. 163The nurse is taking the history of an older male patient to determine whether he is experiencing any urinary difficulty. The nurse asks the patient about the presence of which of the following early symptoms of BPH?Answer →
  164. 164A nurse is admitting a client who reports recurrent flank pain and nausea for 24 hr. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?Answer →
  165. 165A nurse is planning on teaching a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  166. 166A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent infection?Answer →
  167. 167A nurse is calculating the total fluid intake for a client during an 8-hr period. The client had an IV bolus of 150 ml and consumed 4 oz of juice, 6 oz of hot tea, 100 ml of water, and 8 oz of clear broth. The nurse should record how many ml of intake on the client's record? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)Answer →
  168. 168A nurse is caring for four clients on the urology unit. Which of the following data gathered by the nurse leads them to suspect renal calculi?Answer →
  169. 169What are the common impacts of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the cardiovascular system?Answer →
  170. 170The client newly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease recently began hemodialysis. Knowing that the client is at risk for Electrolyte imbalances, the nurse would assess the client during dialysis for which associated manifestations?Answer →
  171. 171A nurse is assessing an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should recognize which of the following conditions can cause incontinence in the older adult client?Answer →
  172. 172A nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions with a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include?Answer →
  173. 173A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has fluid volume deficit. The nurse would expect which of the following findings? Normal Lab Ranges: Urine Specific Gravity: 1.005–1.030 Hematocrit: 37–52% BUN: 10–20 Na: 136–145Answer →
  174. 174The client has an order for potassium chloride 10 mEq twice a day orally. The medication available is 20 mEq/15 mL. How many mL will the nurse administer for each dose? (If needed, round to the nearest tenth.)Answer →
  175. 175A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage kidney disease who is receiving hemodialysis. The client asks how the machine removes waste products such as urea and creatinine from the blood. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?Answer →
  176. 176A nurse is caring for a client who has paraplegia following an automobile accident. The client is on an intermittent urinary catheterization program. Which of the following findings indicates the need for catheterization?Answer →
  177. 177A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values for a client who takes spironolactone and notes that the client's serum potassium level is 6.8 mEq/L. The nurse notifies the provider and anticipates that the provider will provide which of the following instructions?Answer →
  178. 178A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?Answer →
  179. 179A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as having the potential to cause nephrotoxicity?Answer →
  180. 180The nurse is caring for four clients. Which client does the nurse identify at highest risk for acute pyelonephritis?Answer →
  181. 181Which patient will the nurse assess first?Answer →
  182. 182A client presents with muscle weakness and cramps. What electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect based on this presentation?Answer →
  183. 183A 62-year-old client was admitted 2 days ago with traumatic injuries and hypovolemic shock. Which lab result is most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider immediately?Answer →
  184. 184The nurse is collecting data from a client. Which symptom described by the client is characteristic of an early symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia?Answer →
  185. 185A female teenager has experienced three uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the last 3 months. Knowing the anatomical location of the urethra, the nurse should educate this teenager about:Answer →
  186. 186A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has hypertension and chronic kidney disease. The client is scheduled for hemodialysis. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take while caring for this client? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  187. 187The nurse calls the provider to report the client's hypernatremia and associated symptoms, and the provider enters the following orders. Click to highlight the order the nurse should question. Select one option.Answer →
  188. 188What is the consequence of decreased renal production of vitamin D on the body?Answer →
  189. 189A nurse is caring for a client who has a potassium deficiency. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of potassium?Answer →
  190. 190The nurse is caring for a 17-year-old client diagnosed with testicular torsion. The client exclaims, "This pain is unbearable! Am I going to lose my testicle?" Which response(s) by the nurse demonstrate therapeutic communication? Select all that apply.Answer →
  191. 191A nurse is reinforcing nutrition teaching for a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply).Answer →
  192. 192A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of peritonitis?Answer →
  193. 193A nurse is caring for an infant who has severe vomiting and dehydration. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?Answer →
  194. 194The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the client with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?Answer →
  195. 195for kidney stones and is preparing for discharge. The nurse recognizes the risk of recurrence and has planned the client's discharge education accordingly. What preventive measure should the nurse encourage the client to adopt?Answer →
  196. 196A nurse is caring for an infant who weighs 12 lb and is prescribed cefuroxime sodium 15 mg/kg PO every 12 hr. Available is cefuroxime sodium oral solution 125 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?Answer →
  197. 197An unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) is assisting an older adult client who is immobile with morning personal care. The UAP reports to the nurse that the client normally calls for assistance when needing to urinate, but is now experiencing incontinence and does not call for help. Which intervention should the nurse implement?Answer →
  198. 198A nurse is assessing an older adult client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as unique for this age group?Answer →
  199. 199During Foley catheter insertion, a client expresses anxiety about the procedure and asks how to ease the process. Which of the following responses by the nurse provides the most appropriate reassurance to the client?Answer →
  200. 200A nurse is teaching an older adult about preventing dehydration at home. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?Answer →
  201. 201A nurse is caring for a client who reports recurrent flank pain, nausea, and vomiting for 24 hr. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?Answer →
  202. 202A nurse is planning teaching about methods to reduce incontinent episodes for a client who has stress incontinence. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include?Answer →
  203. 203A nurse is assisting the registered nurse provide discharge teaching to a client who will be performing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis at home. Which of the following client statements indicate understanding of this type of dialysis management? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  204. 204What is the priority nursing intervention for suspected dialysis disequilibrium syndrome?Answer →
  205. 205What client is at risk for hypomagnesemia?Answer →
  206. 206Which opportunity would be the best time for the nurse to counsel the patient about the importance of dialysis therapy?Answer →
  207. 207A 55-year-old male with a history of diabetes and hypertension presents with symptoms suggestive of chronic kidney disease. Which laboratory test is most used to diagnose and assess the severity of chronic renal failure?Answer →
  208. 208A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?Answer →
  209. 209A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage kidney disease who has developed fluid volume overload. Which assessment finding would be most concerning to the nurse?Answer →
  210. 210A nurse is caring for a client who has dementia and is incontinent of urine. To manage the client's incontinence, which of the following interventions should the nurse initiate to manage this behavior?Answer →
  211. 211Which lab finding that an increased level indicates kidney impairment?Answer →
  212. 212A nurse is collecting data for a client who has early manifestations of renal impairment. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  213. 213Which of the following individuals is most at-risk for developing intrinsic renal failure?Answer →
  214. 214A client with chronic renal failure has a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. What should the nurse assess first?Answer →
  215. 215A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following arterial blood gas values would the nurse expect this client to have?Answer →
  216. 216A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who reports fever, flank pain, chills, and dysuria. Which finding most strongly supports a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?Answer →
  217. 217A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female client. After opening the catheter kit and preparing the supplies, which of the following steps should the nurse perform next?Answer →
  218. 218A nurse is gathering data on a client who was admitted with pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to be exhibiting? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  219. 219For each clinical finding listed below, indicate whether it is a risk factor or a complication of pyelonephritis. Findings may be associated with both risk factors and complications. Note: Each category must have at least 1 response option selected.Answer →
  220. 220The nurse teaches an older adult client with mild benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) lifestyle modifications. Which instruction should the nurse include?Answer →
  221. 221A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?Answer →
  222. 222A nurse is planning care for a client who has hyponatremia. Which of the following actions is the priority to include in the plan of care?Answer →
  223. 223Which nursing action would be a priority for a patient with suspected urolithiasis who is experiencing renal colic?Answer →
  224. 224The nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). The nurse would test the client's urine for proteinuria to determine which type of AKI?Answer →
  225. 225Which medication will the nurse anticipate incorporating into the plan of care for a patient with pyuria, red blood cells in the urine, fever, nocturia, and a white blood cell count of 14,000/µL?Answer →
  226. 226A client receiving peritoneal dialysis reports cloudy dialysate fluid and abdominal tenderness. Which action should the nurse prioritize?Answer →
  227. 227A nurse is caring for a patient admitted with severe dehydration and vomiting. The nurse notes the following clinical cues: dry mucous membranes, hypotension, decreased urine output, muscle weakness, and a serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L (3.5-5 mEq/L). Which of the following nursing actions should the nurse prioritize? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  228. 228Review the electronic health record. Which healthcare provider prescription should the nurse question?Answer →
  229. 229A nurse is planning care for a client who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and needs to be screened for prostate cancer. Which of the following tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to order?Answer →
  230. 230A client with diabetes has the following assessment changes after a percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedure. Which change requires immediate nursing intervention?Answer →
  231. 231As a means of facilitating adherence to the therapeutic regimen, which instruction should the nurse include in teaching for patients taking nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)?Answer →
  232. 232A nurse is preparing to remove a client's urinary catheter. After performing hand hygiene. which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  233. 233The nurse observes an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) perform catheter care on a client with an indwelling urinary catheter. What action by the UAP requires the nurse to intervene?Answer →
  234. 234A nurse is checking the laboratory tests for a client who has glomerulonephritis. The nurse should expect to find an increase in which of the following test results?Answer →
  235. 235A nurse is caring for a client admitted with vomiting and diarrhea for 3 days. The nurse reviews the client's trend in assessment findings. Based on the trend in data, which action should the nurse take first?Answer →
  236. 236A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has manifestations of dehydration. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?Answer →
  237. 237A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is receiving therapy with epoetin alfa. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse review for an indication of a therapeutic effect of the medication?Answer →
  238. 238A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a history of recurring kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  239. 239A nurse is calculating the total fluid intake for a client during a 4-hr period. The client consumed 1 cup of coffee, 4 oz of orange juice, 3 oz of water, 1 cup of flavored gelatin, 1 cup of tea, 5 oz of broth, and 3 oz of water. The nurse should record how many mL of intake on the client's record? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)Answer →
  240. 240A nurse is monitoring a client who has dehydration and is receiving IV fluid replacement. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as effectiveness of the treatment?Answer →
  241. 241While assessing a peritoneal dialysis client in his or her home, the nurse notes that the fluid draining from the abdomen is cloudy, is white in color, and contains a strong odor. The nurse suspects this client has developed a serious complication known as:Answer →
  242. 242Which action would the registered nurse (RN) plan to delegate to the assistive personnel (AP) while managing care for a patient with chronic kidney disease? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.Answer →
  243. 243When evaluating the effectiveness of client care, which of the following assessment findings indicate an improvement in the client's condition? Select all that apply.Answer →
  244. 244A client with suspected renal dysfunction gained 5 lb in the past 24 hours. Approximately how much fluid has the client retained?Answer →
  245. 245A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client with suspected chronic kidney disease. Which finding should the nurse identify as the most sensitive indicator of overall kidney function?Answer →
  246. 246A nurse is discussing kidney transplant with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this treatment?Answer →
  247. 247Which of these conditions is associated with overflow incontinence?Answer →
  248. 248A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury. The client's ABGS are: pH: 7.26 PaCO2: 30 mm Hg HCO3: 14 mEq/L Which of the following acid-imbalances should the nurse identify the client is experiencing?Answer →
  249. 249A nurse is caring for a patient who has a left renal calculus and an indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse notes flank pain radiating to the lower abdomen, a WBC of 15,000/mm³, and the client reports nausea. Two hours later, the catheter drainage bag remains empty despite adequate fluid intake. Which finding is the priority to report to the provider?Answer →
  250. 250Mrs. Graham has been diagnosed with a UTI and has been prescribed cephalexin 500 mg every 12 hours for seven days. The pharmacy gives Mrs. Graham capsules of cephalexin 250 mg. How many capsules will Mrs. Graham take every 24 hours?Answer →
  251. 251A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and newly diagnosed stage 2 chronic kidney disease. Which medication class should the nurse anticipate, the provider will prescribe specifically to provide renal protection?Answer →
  252. 252Which assessment finding for a patient who has just returned to the surgical unit after a radical nephrectomy would the nurse immediately notify the surgeon about?Answer →
  253. 253A nurse is reviewing provider prescriptions for a client who has reduced kidney function. Which of the following prescribed diagnostics should the nurse question?Answer →
  254. 254A nurse is caring for a client immediately following a hemodialysis treatment. For which of the following manifestations will the nurse administer a PRN dose of phenytoin?Answer →
  255. 255A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for phenazopyridine. The nurse should reinforce to the client to expect which of the following while taking this medication?Answer →
  256. 256The nurse is administering ampicillin (Principen) to a patient who is also receiving tobramycin (Nebcin). Which occurrence does the nurse make it a priority to prevent because it is likely to occur with this pharmacotherapy?Answer →
  257. 257The nurse is receiving a shift report on four clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?Answer →
  258. 258Cystitis is an infection of the bladder that results in mucosal inflammation, congestion, and detrusor muscle hyperactivity. As a result, what symptoms will the client experience?Answer →
  259. 259A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a female client about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?Answer →
  260. 260A nurse is reviewing the chart of a client who is scheduled to have radiological studies of the kidneys performed with the use of IV contrast dye. Which of the following client medications should the nurse withhold prior to the examination?Answer →
  261. 261Click to highlight the provider prescription the nurse should expect to receive to address the change in the client's condition. To deselect a finding, click on the finding again.Answer →
  262. 262An assistive personnel (AP) is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which action by the AP would indicate the need for further instruction in the care of the client?Answer →
  263. 263The nurse is caring for a client with acute glomerular inflammation. When assessing the characteristic signs and symptoms of this health problem, the nurse should include which assessments? Select all that apply.Answer →
  264. 264A nurse is caring for a client in the clinic who has a distended bladder with discomfort over the area and a sense of fullness. Which of the following tests should the nurse expect the health care provider to order to determine if the client has urinary retention? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  265. 265A nurse is preparing to administer 1,000 mL of lactated Ringer's IV over 6 hr. The drop factor of the manual IV tubing is 10 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)Answer →
  266. 266A nurse cares for a client with BPH who recently started tamsulosin (Flomax). The client reports dizziness when standing in the morning. What is the priority nursing action?Answer →
  267. 267Which statement by a nurse about tubular damage in the kidneys indicates the need for further teaching?Answer →
  268. 268A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a potential causative factor?Answer →
  269. 269A client diagnosed with impaired renal function has been ordered a creatinine clearance measurement. The nurse should facilitate collection of what samples?Answer →
  270. 270A patient undergoing hemodialysis develops signs of bleeding and bruising. Which nursing diagnosis should be prioritized?Answer →
  271. 271A nurse is reviewing data for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following data should the nurse identify as the best indicator of fluid volume status?Answer →
  272. 272What are the neurological signs and symptoms commonly associated with uremic syndrome in chronic kidney disease?Answer →
  273. 273A nurse is completing an 8-hour intake and output (I & O) record for a client who consumed 4 oz. of juice, 6 oz. of tea, a 100 mL cup of ice chips, an intravenous (IV) bolus of 150 mL, and 8 oz. of broth. The nurse should record how many mL of intake on the client's record? (Round to the nearest whole number.)Answer →
  274. 274A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of peritonitis?Answer →
  275. 275A nurse is caring for a patient who has a prescription for a 24-hour urine collection. Which action should the nurse take?Answer →
  276. 276A nurse is providing teaching to a client about measures to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?Answer →
  277. 277The nurse is providing teaching to a client who is at risk of developing a urinary tract infection. Which risk factor identified by the client requires further teaching?Answer →
  278. 278A nurse is caring for a client who has hypomagnesemia and is receiving intravenous (IV) magnesium replacement. Which of the following findings indicates the client is experiencing magnesium toxicity?Answer →
  279. 279A nurse is assessing a 5-year-old client who is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which manifestation is consistent with this condition in a pediatric client?Answer →
  280. 280A nurse is planning care for a client who is immobile and is experiencing urinary retention. The nurse understands that the client is risk for which condition?Answer →
  281. 281A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride 20 mEq suspension PO daily. The amount available is potassium chloride suspension 10 mEq/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)Answer →
  282. 282A nurse is caring for a client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  283. 283The nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client about a new prescription for furosemide. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?Answer →
  284. 284The nurse recognizes an adequate hourly urine output for a client with an indwelling urinary catheter as at leastAnswer →
  285. 285The nurse is teaching a client newly prescribed tamsulosin (Flomax) for BPH. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the medication?Answer →
  286. 286Which complication would the nurse monitor for after hemodialysis for a patient with chronic kidney disease? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.Answer →
  287. 287A nurse is planning to monitor a client for dehydration following several episodes of vomiting and an increase in the client's temperature. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is dehydrated?Answer →
  288. 288What does the term azotemia denote in the context of kidney function?Answer →
  289. 289A nurse is caring for four clients on the urology unit. Which of the following clients should the nurse plan to teach about kidney stone prevention?Answer →
  290. 290The health care provider orders IV glucose and insulin to be given to a patient in AKI whose serum potassium level is 6.3 mEq/L. To best evaluate the effectiveness of the medications, the nurse willAnswer →
  291. 291A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  292. 292A nurse reviews laboratory results for a client with chronic kidney disease. The client's glomerular filtration rate is 58 mL/min. Which additional finding should the nurse expect?Answer →
  293. 293A nurse is preparing to perform a straight catheterization for a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  294. 294When explaining about the passage of urine to a group of nursing students, the clinic nurse asks them the contraction of which muscle is primarily responsible for micturition (act of urination). Which student response is correct?Answer →
  295. 295A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney failure. The client's ABG values are pH 7.12 (7.35 to 7.45), HCO3 20 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L), PaO2 90 mm Hg (80 to 100 mm Hg) and PaCO2 40 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg). Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify?Answer →
  296. 296The nurse is caring for a post-operative patient. On assessment the lower abdomen is distended and the last void was 6 hours ago. What action should the nurse perform first?Answer →
  297. 297A hemodialysis client with left arm fistula is at risk for arterial steal syndrome. The nurse should assess for which manifestations of this complication?Answer →
  298. 298The nurse cares for a client with hypophosphatemia. What assessment finding(s) require follow-up from the nurse? Select all that apply.Answer →
  299. 299A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an associated risk factor?Answer →
  300. 300Which of the following statements is true regarding the progression of chronic kidney failure?Answer →
  301. 301Which of the following would be a systemic effect of chronic kidney disease and uremia?Answer →
  302. 302Because they strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, Kegel exercises are most likely to help which urinary problem?Answer →
  303. 303A nurse in a provider's office is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to undergo a cystoscopy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  304. 304A nurse is assisting in planning care for a client who has cystitis. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan of care?Answer →
  305. 305A nurse is preparing to administer the phosphate binder sevelamer to a patient with CKD. What is the most important instruction regarding the timing of this medication?Answer →
  306. 306The nurse provides education to an older female patient with stress incontinence. It has been recommended that she do pelvic muscle exercises to strengthen her bladder muscles. Which action should the nurse recommend to this patient to perform this activity correctly?Answer →
  307. 307A nurse is assessing a 45 year old client who was admitted to the hospital for urinary calculi. The client received 4 mg of morphine sulfate approximately 2 hours previously. The client states to the nurse, "I'm scared to death that it'll come back. That was the worst pain I ever had. Like a knife going from my right side to my groin." Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for the nurse to make regarding this statement?Answer →
  308. 308A nurse cares for a client with BPH who recently started tamsulosin (Flomax). The client reports dizziness when standing in the morning. What is the priority nursing action?Answer →
  309. 309What drug category for urinary continence that the nurse should ask whether the patient has glaucoma before starting any drugs from this class because this can increase intraocular pressure and make glaucoma worse?Answer →
  310. 310A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from a client who has cystitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  311. 311The nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values of a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following sets of values should the nurse expect?Answer →
  312. 312A nurse is assessing a female client who reports stress urinary incontinence. Which client statement would require the nurse to intervene?Answer →
  313. 313Based on the assessment data, which findings require early follow-up by the nurse? Select all that apply.Answer →
  314. 314A client undergoing hemodialysis is at risk for bleeding from the heparin used during the hemodialysis treatment. The nurse assesses for this occurrence by periodically checking the results of which laboratory test?Answer →
  315. 315The nurse cares for a client prescribed intravenous (IV) potassium chloride (KCI) replacement. What action should the nurse plan to implement in the client's care?Answer →
  316. 316A nurse who provides care in a long-term care facility is aware of the high incidence and prevalence of urinary tract infections among older adults. What action has the greatest potential to prevent UTIs in this population?Answer →
  317. 317A 55-year-old male presents with lower urinary tract symptoms, including hesitancy, weak stream, and nocturia. The NP suspects benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test for confirming the diagnosis?Answer →
  318. 318A charge nurse overhears a newly licensed nurse providing instructions to a female client on the proper steps to collect a midstream urine specimen. Which of the following statements made by the newly licensed nurse requires the charge nurse to intervene?Answer →
  319. 319A nurse is caring for an adult client with severe flank pain radiating to the groin, nausea, and vomiting. The client is diagnosed with renal colic due to renal calculi. What is the nurse's priority intervention?Answer →
  320. 320The nurse is caring for a client admitted with chronic kidney disease advancing to stage 4. The nurse should instruct the client to limit the ingestion of which type of foods?Answer →
  321. 321The nurse has initiated discharge teaching for a patient who is to be maintained on warfarin (Coumadin) following hospitalization for DVT. The nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the patient says,Answer →
  322. 322A nurse is calculating the intake of a client during the past 9 hr. The client's intake includes lactated Ringer's IV at 150 mL/hr, cefazolin 2 g IV intermittent bolus in 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride, two units of packed RBCs of 275 mL and 250 mL, two IV bolus infusions of 250 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride, and famotidine 20 mg IV intermittent bolus in 50 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. How many mL of intake should the nurse record?Answer →
  323. 323The nurse cares for a client with chronic renal failure who is undergoing peritoneal dialysis. What assessment finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider immediately?Answer →
  324. 324A nurse is assisting with an assessment in the clinic for a female client who reports foul-smelling urine and pain with urination. The client states, "I bet I have UTI. Why do I tend to get urinary tract infections?" Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the explanation?Answer →
  325. 325A client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD) presents to the emergency department with reports of a severe headache. Which of the following complications should the nurse expect?Answer →
  326. 326A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has urolithiasis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?Answer →
  327. 327A nurse on a medical surgical unit is collecting data from an older adult client who has a large amount of abdominal ascites. The client is alert and oriented x3 and states that they walk independently at home and normally use a cane but forgot to bring it to the hospital. Which of the following measures are important for the nurse to initiate first?Answer →
  328. 328In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the presence of proteinuria is primarily attributed to:Answer →
  329. 329The nurse is caring for a client with end-stage kidney disease who is experiencing an acid-base imbalance as a result of their underlying disease process. The nurse notes the client is experiencing Kussmaul breathing as a compensatory mechanism. Which of the following disturbances would the nurse expect to observe on the blood gas (ABG) sample?Answer →
  330. 330For each client cue listed, indicate whether the finding is Consistent with labs or Not consistent with labs.Answer →
  331. 331A client with diabetic nephropathy has end-stage renal disease and is starting dialysis. Which statements indicates the client understands about hemodialysis?Answer →
  332. 332A client diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy has end-stage renal disease and is starting hemodialysis. Which education should the nurse provide regarding hemodialysis? Select all that apply.Answer →
  333. 333A client has been prescribed a course of antibiotics for the treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI). When providing health education for the client, what topic should be addressed by the nurse?Answer →
  334. 334Which dietary restriction would lead to muscle wasting for the patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing hemodialysis?Answer →
  335. 335A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to a client who is starting therapy with finasteride for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?Answer →
  336. 336A 72-year-old male presents to the ER with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). He has been unable to urinate in the last 12 hours despite taking adequate fluid intake. His labs reveal an elevated BUN and creatinine level. Which type of acute kidney injury would the nurse suspect?Answer →
  337. 337Which of the following is recommended in diagnosing an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI)?Answer →
  338. 338A client with end-stage kidney disease is scheduled to begin hemodialysis. The nurse is working with the client to adapt the client's diet to maximize the therapeutic effect and minimize the risks of complications. The client's diet should include which of the following modifications? Select all that apply.Answer →
  339. 339The nurse is planning the care for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). What should the nurse prioritize in the client's plan of care? Select 2.Answer →
  340. 340The nurse cares for a client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after undergoing a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with continuous bladder irrigation (CBI). What action(s) should the nurse plan to include in the client's care? Select all that apply.Answer →
  341. 341Which assessment findings would the health care provider consider as most indicative of acute renal failure?Answer →
  342. 342A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is preparing for discharge after receiving dialysis education. The client asks, "What should I focus on in my diet to help protect my kidneys?" Which instruction should the nurse reinforce?Answer →
  343. 343A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is receiving therapy with epoetin alfa. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse review for an indication of a therapeutic effect of the medication?Answer →
  344. 344A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is preparing for discharge after receiving dialysis education. The client asks, "What should I focus on in my diet to help protect my kidneys?" Which instruction should the nurse reinforce?Answer →
  345. 345When a client with an indwelling urinary catheter wants to walk to the hospital lobby to visit with family members, the nurse teaches the client how to do this without compromising the catheter. Which client action indicates an accurate understanding of this information?Answer →
  346. 346A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following arterial blood gas values would the nurse expect this client to have?Answer →
  347. 347A nurse is caring for a client admitted with hypokalemia who reports fatigue, generalized muscle weakness, and palpitations. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse prioritize?Answer →
  348. 348A nurse reviews the Kt/V value of 1.31 documented after a client's hemodialysis session. Considering the adequacy of dialysis, which action should the nurse take next?Answer →
  349. 349A nurse is caring for a client admitted for pyelonephritis. The client's history includes frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following statements by the client indicates that they are suffering from a psychosocial effect from frequent UTIs?Answer →
  350. 350What are the primary endocrine problems associated with chronic kidney disease?Answer →
  351. 351Which populations are at a higher risk for dehydration?Answer →
  352. 352A nurse is reviewing the dialysis machine settings for a patient undergoing hemodialysis. The machine displays the following parameters: UF rate set at 500 mL/hr. UF removed at 1500 ml, and UF time remaining at 3 hours. Which setting indicates how rapidly the machine is currently removing fluid per hour?Answer →
  353. 353A nurse is providing dietary education to a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is receiving hemodialysis three times a week. Which of the following dietary recommendations are appropriate for the nurse to make?Answer →
  354. 354The nurse cares for a patient who is receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). Which of these interventions is most important in preventing a serious complication of PD?Answer →
  355. 355A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  356. 356Which parameter indicates the severity of the disease when the nurse assesses the reports of a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI)?Answer →
  357. 357A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client and notes a calcium level of 7.2 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  358. 358A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Postoperatively the client is receiving bladder irrigation to manage bleeding and blood clots. The nurse knows to maintain the irrigation at a flow that keeps the output?Answer →
  359. 359Which nursing action is appropriate when a patient who is 6 months pregnant comes to the prenatal clinic with a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI)?Answer →
  360. 360A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease who will soon begin hemodialysis treatments. Which of the following restrictions should the nurse discuss with the client that may impact quality of life?Answer →
  361. 361A nurse is reviewing laboratory trends for several clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for developing hyperkalemia?Answer →
  362. 362Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a client with renal calculi?Answer →
  363. 363A patient is diagnosed with nephrolithiasis. Which of the following are appropriate nursing management strategies? Select all that apply.Answer →
  364. 364Which manifestation indicates to the nurse that a patient's body is rejecting a transplanted kidney? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.Answer →
  365. 365A nurse is teaching a client who has pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease about diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?Answer →
  366. 366During an assessment of a client with acute kidney injury, which finding suggests immediate dialysis intervention is required?Answer →
  367. 367Which client scheduled for a radiology procedure requiring administration of radiocontrast dye would be considered at greatest risk for an intrarenal cause of acute renal failure?Answer →
  368. 368Drag from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing [blank1], 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition [blank2] and [blank3], and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress [blank4] and [blank5].Answer →
  369. 369The nurse assesses a client admitted with a new onset of hyponatremia. What question(s) should the nurse ask to determine potential causes of the client's sodium imbalance? Select all that apply.Answer →
  370. 370A nurse on a medical unit is assessing four clients for urinary retention. Which of the following clients have manifestations of urinary retention?Answer →
  371. 371A patient is experiencing renal failure and develops a K+ level of 7.2. The nurse anticipates the administration of which of the following? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  372. 372A nurse is caring for a client in a clinic who has foul-smelling urine, a low-grade fever of 37.7°C (100°F). and pain with urination. Which of the following should the nurse expect the health care provider to order? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  373. 373A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about the process of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  374. 374Which patient self-care action indicates an understanding of the discharge instructions for a patient going home after undergoing a radical nephrectomy?Answer →
  375. 375A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis and notes a decrease in the dialysate flow rate. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  376. 376The nurse is caring for a patient that was admitted to the ICU and developed acute renal failure. The ABG results are as follows: pH 7.30, PCO₂ 37, HCO₃ 15, pO₂ 95%. The nurse interprets these findings as:Answer →
  377. 377The nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed 25,000 units of unfractionated heparin in 500 mL D5W to infuse at 25 mL/hr. How many units/hr will the nurse plan to administer? (Round to the nearest whole number.) ___ units/hrAnswer →
  378. 378A child is admitted with a suspected diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. The nurse should place a sign with which of the following warnings over the child's bed?Answer →
  379. 379A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?Answer →
  380. 380The primary goal of therapy, once acute kidney injury (AKI) has occurred, is to maintain the individual's life until renal function has recovered. Which of the following will be Involved in the management of AKI?Answer →
  381. 381What is the priority concern for a patient with incontinence?Answer →
  382. 382Which clinical finding among older adults is most likely to be viewed as a normal part of age-related changes?Answer →
  383. 383A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has manifestations of dehydration. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?Answer →
  384. 384A nurse is teaching a client following a cystoscopy about his new prescription for tamsulosin. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  385. 385A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has frequent oxalate kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  386. 386A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent infection?Answer →
  387. 387The nurse has reviewed the Diagnostic Results at 0830. Which of the following orders should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe?Answer →
  388. 388A nurse is assessing the patency of an arteriovenous fistula in the left arm of a client who was receiving hemodialysis for the treatment of chronic renal failure. Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent:Answer →
  389. 389The nurse is caring for a patient that was admitted to the ICU and developed Acute Renal Failure. The ABG results are as follows: pH 7.30, pCO₂ 37, HCO₃ 15, pO₂ 95%. The nurse interprets these findings as:Answer →
  390. 390A nurse assesses a client shortly after living donor kidney transplant surgery. Which postoperative finding must the nurse report to the health care provider Immediately!Answer →
  391. 391A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who is to begin receiving peritoneal dialysis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to ensure proper dialysate exchange?Answer →
  392. 392The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having developed acute glomerulonephritis. Which clinical manifestation assessed by the nurse correlates with this suspicion?Answer →
  393. 393Which nursing action will be priority when the health care provider prescribes a urine culture and antibiotics for the patient presenting with cloudy, blood-tinged urine and a temperature of 100.1°F (37.8°C) after having an indwelling catheter in place for 3 weeks?Answer →
  394. 394A nurse is assessing a client who reports dysuria (burning sensation during urination) and increased urinary frequency. Which of the following conditions is most consistent with these findings?Answer →
  395. 395A nurse is changing the dressing for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  396. 396A nurse is gathering medical history from a client admitted for pyelonephritis. Which of the following should the nurse expect the client to report when asked about their medical history?Answer →
  397. 397The nurse assesses for which clinical manifestation in the patient with hypervolemia.Answer →
  398. 398A client is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which symptom would the nurse most likely assess?Answer →
  399. 399A nurse is working with a 70-year-old client with hypovolemia. The nurse assesses the client and finds she has cool extremities and a weak pulse. Additionally, no urine output has been charted on the client for seven hours. Which of the following outcomes is an appropriate treatment goal for this client?Answer →
  400. 400An older adult client has a positive urine dipstick result for protein. How should the nurse interpret this finding?Answer →
  401. 401The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease after hemodialysis. Which patient care action should the nurse delegate to the experienced unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?Answer →
  402. 402The nurse is caring for a client with symptomatic metabolic acidosis from chronic renal failure. What treatment would the nurse expect to use to decrease the acidosis?Answer →
  403. 403A nurse is assisting with discharge of a client who is postoperative from a kidney transplant. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following is an indication of rejection?Answer →
  404. 404A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should collect additional data to determine if the client has which of the following conditions?Answer →
  405. 405The nurse is caring for a client who had a brush biopsy 12 hours ago. The presence of what assessment finding should prompt the nurse to notify the health care provider?Answer →
  406. 406A nurse is caring for a client who has an admitted diagnosis of renal calculi and medical history of hypertension and gout. The client works 6 days of the week outside in temperatures between 32.2°C and 37.8°C (90°F to 100°F). Which of the following should the nurse tell the client to prevent a reoccurrence of renal calculi?Answer →
  407. 407Drag from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing [blank1], 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition [blank2] and [blank3], and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress [blank4] and [blank5].Answer →
  408. 408A patient receives a prescription for oxybutynin (Ditropan) for the treatment of overactive bladder. Which instruction should the nurse include in patient teaching to help prevent the adverse effects of therapy?Answer →
  409. 409A patient with a DVT is started on IV heparin and oral warfarin (Coumadin). The patient asks the nurse why two medications are necessary. The nurse's best response to the patient is,Answer →
  410. 410A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a female client about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?Answer →
  411. 411A nurse is planning to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?Answer →
  412. 412Which action would the nurse take first for a patient who underwent a nephrectomy because of renal cell carcinoma, after assessing and documenting the findings below in the health record?Answer →
  413. 413Which of the following eGFR values reflects Stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD)?Answer →
  414. 414A client with end-stage kidney disease has a newly placed tunneled hemodialysis catheter. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to prevent complications with the catheter?Answer →
  415. 415A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for lithotripsy about conditions that can contribute to the formation of renal calculi. Which of the following conditions should the nurse include?Answer →
  416. 416A nurse provides discharge education to a client going home several days after transurethral resection of the prostate. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?Answer →
  417. 417A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  418. 418A nurse in a provider's clinic is caring for a client who reports erectile dysfunction and requests a prescription for sildenafil. Which of the following medications currently prescribed for the client is a contraindication to taking sildenafil?Answer →
  419. 419The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Which disorder, if noted on the client's record, would the nurse identify as a risk factor for this disorder?Answer →
  420. 420A client with renal calculi suddenly develops fever, chills, cloudy urine, and worsening flank pain. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize?Answer →
  421. 421A patient suffering from Fluid volume deficit. Which of the followings are indicators that decongestion is occurring appropriately:Answer →
  422. 422A nurse is educating a client undergoing maintenance dialysis about the limitations of dialysis in replacing kidney functions. Which client statement demonstrates accurate understanding of what dialysis replaces and what residual kidney functions still require medical management?Answer →
  423. 423A nurse is assessing a client who reports dysuria (burning sensation during urination) and increased urinary frequency. Which of the following conditions is most consistent with these findings?Answer →
  424. 424A nurse is caring for a female client who is receiving intravenous gentamicin. Which of the following laboratory values is the priority to report to the provider?Answer →
  425. 425A nurse is caring for a client who is in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  426. 426A nurse is caring for a client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The client is admitted to the hospital for renal calculi and reports their abdomen has been getting bigger. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the best explanation for the increase in abdominal girth?Answer →
  427. 427A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is taking ciprofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client?Answer →
  428. 428A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse should instruct the client to limit which of the following nutrients? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  429. 429A nurse is assessing a client following hemodialysis. Which of the following findings indicates dialysis disequilibrium?Answer →
  430. 430A nurse is caring for a client who reports recurrent flank pain, nausea, and vomiting for 24 hr. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?Answer →
  431. 431When assessing a patient's permanent arteriovenous (AV) fistula for hemodialysis, which findings indicate that the access site is patent and functioning correctly?Answer →
  432. 432A patient with metabolic acidosis (low pH) has potassium 5.8 mEq/L. Why is hyperkalemia present?Answer →
  433. 433During shift report, the nurse reviews the histories of four clients. Which client is at the greatest risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?Answer →
  434. 434A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for a suspected urinary obstruction. The nurse should know that incomplete emptying of the bladder due to bladder outlet obstruction can cause what issue?Answer →
  435. 435The nurse is assessing the client 12 hr later. How should the nurse interpret the findings? For each finding, click to specify whether the finding is unrelated to the diagnosis, a sign of potential improvement, or a sign of potential worsening condition.Answer →
  436. 436The nurse and urologist have both been unsuccessful in catheterizing a client with a prostatic obstruction and a full bladder. What approach does the nurse anticipate the health care provider will use to drain the client's bladder?Answer →
  437. 437A client is in cardiogenic shock following a massive myocardial infarction. The client's family asks the nurse. "Why are the health care providers recommending dialysis since it's the heart that is sick?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate at this time?Answer →
  438. 438The nurse instructs the client diagnosed with urolithiasis how to prevent calcium calculi. Which client statement indicates teaching is successful?Answer →
  439. 439A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is receiving therapy with epoetin alfa. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse review for an indication of a therapeutic effect of the medication?Answer →
  440. 440A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical surgical unit. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for urinary retention?Answer →
  441. 441A nurse is caring for a client who has an admitted diagnosis of renal calculi and medical history of hypertension and gout. The client works 6 days of the week outside in temperatures between 32.2°C to 37.8°C (90°F to 100°F). Which of the following should the nurse tell the client to prevent a reoccurrence of renal calculi?Answer →
  442. 442Which instruction by the nurse will help a patient with chronic kidney disease prevent renal osteodystrophy?Answer →
  443. 443A nurse manager at a skilled nursing facility has noticed an increase in urinary tract infections by 12% in the past year. In an effort to decrease this rate, which of the following should the nurse manager teach the nursing staff? Select all that apply.Answer →
  444. 444A nurse is teaching a group of unlicensed assistive personnel about urinary tract infections (UTIs) in clients who have vaginas. When describing why clients who have vaginas have higher rates of UTIs than clients who don't have vaginas, which of the following explanations should the nurse use?Answer →
  445. 445A patient is taking cotrimoxazole (Bactrim) for a urinary tract infection. Which finding should the nurse instruct the patient to report as the best indication of crystalluria?Answer →
  446. 446A client diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis reports cola-colored urine and swelling in the extremities. What is the priority nursing intervention?Answer →
  447. 447A client has prolonged diarrhea and develops metabolic acidosis from bicarbonate loss. Which physiologic response should the nurse recognize will help restore acid-base balance?Answer →
  448. 448A nurse is preparing a client diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for a lower urinary tract cystoscopy examination. The nurse should caution the client about what common temporary complications of this procedure?Answer →
  449. 449The nurse is caring for a client after kidney surgery. When assessing for bleeding, what parameter should the nurse evaluate?Answer →
  450. 450A nurse is collecting data for a client who has fluid volume deficit. Which of the following is an expected finding?Answer →
  451. 451Which finding in the history of a patient with end-stage kidney disease would make the patient an ideal candidate for hemodialysis?Answer →
  452. 452A 65-year-old male with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considering treatment options. He asks about the role of finasteride in BPH management. What is the primary mechanism of action of finasteride in the treatment of BPH?Answer →
  453. 453Day 1: Hypertension. Furosemide 40 mg po bid, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160 mg/800 mg po q12h Day 3: Client reports frequent watery diarrhea. The client is at an increased risk for developing Target 1 and Target 2 Conditions.Answer →
  454. 454What is the primary pathophysiological process underlying the formation of renal calculi?Answer →
  455. 455A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a transurethral prostatectomy. Following catheter removal, the nurse should inform the client that he should expect which of the following variations in the color of his urine?Answer →
  456. 456As patient ages, the nursing plan of care should include one of the following.Answer →
  457. 457The nurse is caring for a client with deficient fluid volume. The nurse's assessment reveals a BP of 98/52 mm Hg. The nurse should recognize that the client's kidneys will compensate by secreting what substance?Answer →
  458. 458A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and has a continuous bladder irrigation in place. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  459. 459A client is being prepared for the creation of an arteriovenous fistula, which education will the nurse provide in the preoperative phase? Select all that applyAnswer →
  460. 460A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a transurethral prostatectomy. Following catheter removal, the nurse should inform the client that he should expect which of the following variations in the color of his urine?Answer →
  461. 461A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease. Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse give to the client's partner?Answer →
  462. 462A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of uremia?Answer →
  463. 463The nurse teaches a patient with urinary incontinence about self-care activities. Which of these is most appropriate for the nurse to teach the patient?Answer →
  464. 464A nurse is calculating the output of a client at the end of the shift. The nurse notes the following: client voided 400 ml at 1100 and 350 ml at 1430. The NG tube has 575 mL in drainage container, and 25 mL is emptied out of the Jackson-Pratt drainage tube. How many mL should the nurse record in the medical record as the client's output?Answer →
  465. 465A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take regarding NSAID use?Answer →
  466. 466A client has presents in the Emergency Room with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of acute kidney injury (AKI) but preliminary assessment reveals no obvious risk factors for this health problem. The nurse should recognize the need to interview the client about what topic?Answer →
  467. 467A nurse is caring for a client who has endometriosis and will receive depot injections of leuprolide. The client asks about the effects of this medication. Which of the following information should the nurse give the client?Answer →
  468. 468The nurse is caring for a client with a kidney injury secondary to diabetic nephropathy who has been admitted to the medical unit. What is the most life-threatening effect of kidney injury for which the nurse should monitor the client?Answer →
  469. 469What is the primary pathophysiological process underlying intrinsic renal failure?Answer →
  470. 470A patient with renal insufficiency is scheduled for IVP. Which order should be questioned?Answer →
  471. 471The nurse is caring for a client who is going to have an open renal biopsy. What nursing action should the nurse prioritize when preparing this client for the procedure?Answer →
  472. 472A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about pyelonephritis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  473. 473A nurse is calculating the total fluid intake for a client during an 8-hr period. The client had an IV bolus of 150 mL and consumed 4 oz of juice, 6 oz of hot tea, 100 mL of water, and 8 oz of clear broth. The nurse should record how many mL of intake on the client's record? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.) mLAnswer →
  474. 474A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a risk factor?Answer →
  475. 475A client with end-stage kidney disease is starting hemodialysis. Which dietary modifications should be included? Select all that apply.Answer →
  476. 476Which action will the nurse attribute to the alleviation of a patient's urinary tract infection symptoms during a follow-up visit? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.Answer →
  477. 477A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has an ileal conduit following bladder cancer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for the nurse to provide additional teaching?Answer →
  478. 478A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a blood sampling for a serum creatinine level. The client asks the nurse, "What is the purpose for this test?" Which of the following responses should the nurse give?Answer →
  479. 479A patient is seen in the clinic for a new diagnosis of chronic renal failure with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 60. The patient questions the nurse on why this developed. Which of the following disease processes does the nurse identify as contributing factors? Select all that apply.Answer →
  480. 480A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. Which assessment finding should the nurse prioritize because it may indicate the most serious complication associated with this therapy?Answer →
  481. 481In the pathophysiology of a urinary tract infection (UTI), what is the primary mechanism by which bacteria typically gain access to the urinary system?Answer →
  482. 482A nurse is planning care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?Answer →
  483. 483A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent infection?Answer →
  484. 484A patient is admitted for hypovolemia. The nurse knows symptomology will include which of the following?Answer →
  485. 485What physiological changes result from sympathetic stimulation of the kidneys?Answer →
  486. 486A nurse is reviewing the chart of a client who is scheduled to have radiological studies of the kidneys performed with the use of IV contrast dye. Which of the following client medications should the nurse withhold prior to the examination?Answer →
  487. 487A patient has been admitted with hypotension and dehydration after 3 days of nausea and vomiting. The provider has prescribed several interventions. Which order should the nurse implement first?Answer →
  488. 488A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  489. 489A patient with hyponatremia (Na* 118) is confused and has seizures. Which interventions are appropriate? Select all that apply.Answer →
  490. 490For each symptom or condition listed below, indicate whether it is consistent with glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, or both. Each may be associated with more than one disease process. Note: Each category must have at least one response option selected.Answer →
  491. 491What is the primary advantage of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) over continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)?Answer →
  492. 492A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nurses about diffusion. Which of the following statements should the charge nurse include in their teaching about diffusion?Answer →
  493. 493A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a female client about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?Answer →
  494. 494A nurse removes an indwelling urinary catheter that an older adult client has had in place for 2 days. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following expected outcomes after catheter removal?Answer →
  495. 495A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) about prevention measures. Which of the following client statements indicates the need for further teaching?Answer →
  496. 496Complete the following sentence by choosing from the list of options. Manifestations of benign prostatic hyperplasia include [blank1] and [blank2].Answer →
  497. 497A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. The nurse should instruct the client to increase dietary intake of which of the following substances?Answer →
  498. 498A client receiving peritoneal dialysis reports cloudy dialysate fluid and abdominal tenderness. Which action should the nurse prioritize?Answer →
  499. 499A nurse is assisting in planning care for a client who has cystitis. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan of care?Answer →
  500. 500A patient with hyponatremia (Na⁺ 118) is confused and has seizures. Which interventions are appropriate? Select all that apply.Answer →
  501. 501An older adult client in a long-term care facility has dementia and begins to have frequent episodes of urinary incontinence. After the provider finds no medical cause for his incontinence, which of the following interventions should the nurse initiate to manage this behavior?Answer →
  502. 502The nurse is collecting data from a client. Which symptom described by the client is characteristic of an early symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia?Answer →
  503. 503The nurse is planning food selections with a client who has moderate hyponatremia. Which food choice should the nurse recommend to this client?Answer →
  504. 504A nurse is caring for a client with a right-arm arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. Which action is contraindicated?Answer →
  505. 505A nurse is teaching a group of new nurses about evidence-based strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Which statement by a participant indicates a need for further teaching?Answer →
  506. 506A nurse is caring for a client who has impaired renal function. For which of the following findings should the nurse notify the provider?Answer →
  507. 507During peritoneal dialysis (PD), a nurse observes that the outflow (drain) fluid is cloudy. What is the priority nursing suspicion?Answer →
  508. 508A nurse is assisting with the care of a client following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  509. 509A client with end stage renal disease (ESKD) is being treated for a right ankle fracture unrelated to a fall. The client's lab values show high phosphate levels, low calcium levels, and low vitamin D levels. What is the most likely reason for this client's fracture?Answer →
  510. 510A nurse is caring for a client who is 2 hr postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) gland. Which of the following assessments should the nurse view to be an indication of a postoperative complication?Answer →
  511. 511A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD) and states she has heartburn. The provider prescribes aluminum hydroxide. The client asks, "Why can't I just take the antacid magaldrate my husband has at home?" The nurse explains to the client that aluminum hydroxide is the preferred antacid because it lowers which of the following?Answer →
  512. 512The nurse is inserting an intravenous line into a client's vein. After the initial stick, when would the nurse know it was appropriate to advance the catheter?Answer →
  513. 513A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). The client reports severe flank pain radiating to the groin and has a history of urinary retention. Which clinical finding should the nurse prioritize as indicative of a postrenal cause of AKI in this client?Answer →
  514. 514Following a cystectomy, a patient has an ileal conduit created. Which intervention is appropriate?Answer →
  515. 515A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should collect additional data to determine if the client has which of the following conditions?Answer →
  516. 516Which of the following individuals is most at-risk for developing prerenal failure?Answer →
  517. 517A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is taking ciprofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client?Answer →
  518. 518A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage kidney disease who is receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. During an exchange, the nurse observes that the dialysate drainage fluid is cloudy. The client denies abdominal pain or fever. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?Answer →
  519. 519A nurse is assessing a client admitted with hypovolemia from severe vomiting and diarrhea. The client's vital signs are blood pressure 88/54 mm Hg, heart rate 124/min, and respiratory rate 22/min. The client's skin appears dry with poor turgor, and mucous membranes are dry. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize to address, the client's current condition?Answer →
  520. 520A nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury whose serum potassium level is 6.5 mEq/L. The client reports mild nausea and tingling in the hands. Telemetry shows peaked T waves. Based on these findings, the nurse should monitor the client most closely for which life-threatening complication?Answer →
  521. 521Which type of antibiotic must be administered with 2 to 3 L/day of fluid?Answer →
  522. 522Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of urinary obstruction?Answer →
  523. 523Which sign or symptom for a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) would the nurse be concerned about, prompting an immediate call to the health care provider?Answer →
  524. 524Review the electronic health record. The nurse reviews the orders received from the healthcare provider. What 3 actions should the nurse prioritize at this time? Select 3 actions.Answer →
  525. 525A nurse is planning education for a patient with CKD stage 4 about preventing complications. Which statement indicates correct understanding?Answer →
  526. 526A nurse is reviewing the medicals records of a group of clients. The nurse should identify that hemodialysis is appropriate for which of the following clients?Answer →
  527. 527A patient has been admitted with hypotension and dehydration after 3 days of nausea and vomiting. Which prescribed action will the nurse implement first?Answer →
  528. 528A nurse is caring for four clients on the urology unit. Which of the following clients should the nurse plan to teach about kidney stone prevention?Answer →
  529. 529A nurse is admitting a client who reports recurrent flank pain and nausea for 24 hr. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?Answer →
  530. 530A nurse is reviewing the BUN and creatinine levels of an older adult client who has chronic kidney disease. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?Answer →
  531. 531A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has urinary incontinence. The nurse recommends monitoring the client for which of the following findings?Answer →
  532. 532A nurse is assisting with discharge of a client who is postoperative from a kidney transplant. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following is an indication of rejection?Answer →
  533. 533A student is collecting a sterile urine specimen from an indwelling catheter. How will the student correctly obtain the specimen?Answer →
  534. 534During a nursing assessment, what finding would most typically indicate that a client with end-stage kidney disease requires dietary education?Answer →
  535. 535A client with chronic kidney disease presents with serum potassium of 6.5 mEq/L and peaked T-waves on the ECG. What is the nurse's priority intervention?Answer →
  536. 536A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse should instruct the client to limit which of the following nutrients? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  537. 537A nurse is providing education to a 68-year-old patient who has been prescribed both tamsulosin (Flomax) and finasteride (Proscar) for symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?Answer →
  538. 538The nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI) experiencing metabolic acidosis. When performing an assessment, the nurse would expect to note which breathing pattern?Answer →
  539. 539Measurement of residual urine by catheterization after voiding verifies which condition?Answer →
  540. 540The nurse is caring for a client's status after a motor vehicle accident. The client has developed AKI. What are the nurse's roles in caring for this client? Select all that apply.Answer →
  541. 541A nurse in a provider's office is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to collect a 24-hr urine specimen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  542. 542A nurse is planning dietary education for a patient diagnosed with mild hypomagnesemia. Which food selection by the patient indicates an understanding of foods high in magnesium?Answer →
  543. 543A nurse is teaching a client who has urinary retention about methods to promote urinary elimination, which statement made by the client needs further teaching?Answer →
  544. 544The critical care nurse is monitoring the client's urine output and drains following renal surgery. What should the nurse promptly report to the health care provider?Answer →
  545. 545Which intervention would be appropriate for the nurse to provide to a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI)?Answer →
  546. 546The nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about caring for a client with polycystic kidney disease. Which manifestation identified by the newly licensed nurse as being related to this disorder requires further teaching?Answer →
  547. 547The nurse coming on shift on the medical unit is taking a report on four clients. What client does the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk of developing end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)?Answer →
  548. 548A nurse is collecting data from a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is waiting for transport to dialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  549. 549A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula for hemodialysis. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse include?Answer →
  550. 550Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a client diagnosed with delirium due to a urinary tract infection?Answer →
  551. 551Which patient statement indicates understanding of discharge teaching after undergoing a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma?Answer →
  552. 552The nurse is providing education for a client newly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. The client is discouraged with the diagnosis and asks the nurse what can be done to maintain kidney health and have a better quality of life. What strategies for dietary compliance indicates that teaching was effective?Answer →
  553. 553A nurse is caring for a client with bladder cancer. Which finding is most common?Answer →
  554. 554A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?Answer →
  555. 555A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to a client who is starting therapy with finasteride for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?Answer →
  556. 556A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) about prevention measures. Which of the following client statements indicates the need for further teaching?Answer →
  557. 557A nurse in the Emergency Department (ED) is caring for a 35-year-old Hispanic female client. The nurse is caring for the client when she reports a sudden return of 10/10 sharp, stabbing flank pain and an inability to void. Which action should the nurse take first?Answer →
  558. 558A nurse is caring for a client who reports to the clinic for laboratory tests. The client has an acute kidney injury caused by acute tubular necrosis and asks why their glomerular filtration rate keeps decreasing. Which of the following pathophysiological changes occurring in the kidney should the nurse explain as the cause of decrease?Answer →
  559. 559A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of peritonitis?Answer →
  560. 560A nurse is planning care for a client who has cystitis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?Answer →
  561. 561The nurse is instructing a client with diabetes mellitus about peritoneal dialysis. The nurse tells the client that it is important to maintain the prescribed dwell time for the dialysis because of the risk of which complication?Answer →
  562. 562A nurse is caring for a client who has hypervolemia. Which of the following is an expected assessment finding?Answer →
  563. 563Which client does the nurse identify as most likely to experience renal compromise assessed by decreased urine production?Answer →
  564. 564The nurse has placed an indwelling urinary catheter via sterile technique into a client. The nurse recognizes that it is how long before bacterial colonization begins?Answer →
  565. 565The nurse cares for several older adult clients with urinary complaints. For each assessment finding, click to specify whether the finding is consistent with the disease process of uncomplicated cystitis or pyelonephritis. Each finding may support more than one disease process.Answer →
  566. 566A nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions with a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include?Answer →
  567. 567A nurse is planning teaching about methods to reduce incontinent episodes for a client who has stress incontinence. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include?Answer →
  568. 568A patient with a history of chronic alcoholism is admitted with intermittent confusion, shallow respirations, generalized muscle weakness with difficulty lifting arms. Laboratory results show a phosphate level of 1.4 mg/dL. The provider has several active orders. Which action should the nurse take first?Answer →
  569. 569A patient receiving IV potassium chloride reports burning at the IV site. What is the nurse's first action?Answer →
  570. 570A client is scheduled for an MRI of the lower urinary tract and reports feeling anxious about being inside the scanner. Which pre-procedure teaching should the nurse provide?Answer →
  571. 571Which finding indicates adequate fluid intake for a patient with acute pyelonephritis?Answer →
  572. 572A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client following a hemodialysis treatment. The nurse should expect to find a decrease in which of the following laboratory values?Answer →
  573. 573A nurse is caring for a client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The client is admitted to the hospital for renal calculi and reports their abdomen has been getting bigger. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the best explanation for the increase in the abdominal girth?Answer →
  574. 574A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter and notes blood-tinged urine in the catheter bag. The nurse recognizes this finding can be a manifestation of which of the following urinary alterations?Answer →
  575. 575The nurse passes out medications while a client prepares for hemodialysis. The client is due to receive numerous medications including antihypertensives. What is the best action for the nurse to take?Answer →
  576. 576A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride elixir 20 mEq. Available is 10 mEq/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)Answer →
  577. 577A nurse is discussing indications for urinary catheterization (indwelling or intermittent) with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following indications should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  578. 578A nurse is preparing to administer 40 mEq of potassium chloride in 0.45% sodium chloride (NaCl) 500 mL IV to infuse 10 mEq/hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)Answer →
  579. 579Which question from the nurse to the interprofessional health care team may result in reducing the incidence of hospital-acquire acute kidney injury (AKI)?Answer →
  580. 580A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  581. 581A nurse is reviewing laboratory trends for several clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for developing hyperkalemia?Answer →
  582. 582A nurse is providing teaching to a client about completing a creatinine clearance test. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  583. 583The nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is scheduled for their first hemodialysis session. Which of the following pre-dialysis assessments is most critical for the nurse to perform?Answer →
  584. 584A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney failure about planning a low-protein diet. The client states, "Why do I have to be concerned about protein?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make?Answer →
  585. 585Which of the following describes a condition in which 24-hour urine is less than 50mL?Answer →
  586. 586A nurse is collecting data from a client who is to have an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following data is a contraindication to this procedure?Answer →
  587. 587The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with a mild urinary tract infection and is prescribed an antibiotic. What class of antibiotics is used as an effective first-line agent in treating urinary tract infections?Answer →
  588. 588A nurse is collecting data from a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is waiting for transport to dialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  589. 589Which action will the nurse implement first when the patient with urolithiasis reports spasms of intense flank pain, nausea, and severe dizziness?Answer →
  590. 590A client asks a nurse, "Why do I need to limit the amount of fluids I drink?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?Answer →
  591. 591Urinalysis is a part of any complete physical examination and is especially useful for patients with suspected kidney or urologic disorders. Which test should be NONE as the normal range for adults? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  592. 592A nurse is preparing to obtain a 24-hour urine collection from a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?Answer →
  593. 593A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg PO every 8 hr. The amount available is hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/tab. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth/whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) tabletsAnswer →
  594. 594A nurse is assisting in the plan of care for a client who is scheduled to have a renal biopsy. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply).Answer →
  595. 595A client with chronic kidney disease presents with serum potassium of 6.5 mEq/L and peaked T-waves on the ECG. What is the nurse's priority intervention?Answer →
  596. 596A nurse is caring for a patient with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which assessment finding should the nurse expect?Answer →
  597. 597A nurse is assessing an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should recognize which of the following conditions can cause incontinence in the older adult client?Answer →
  598. 598A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease who will soon begin hemodialysis treatments. Which of the following restrictions should the nurse discuss with the client that may impact quality of life? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  599. 599A nurse is teaching a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) behaviors to help prevent future infections. Which statements should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.Answer →
  600. 600Fever, chills, and flank pain at CVA are most consistent with?Answer →
  601. 601A charge nurse is providing an in-service to a group of nurses about hypomagnesemia. Which of the following should the charge nurse include as risk factors for this condition? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  602. 602A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum phosphate level of 6.2 mg/dL. What action is most important for the nurse to take?Answer →
  603. 603Which patient statement indicates a need for additional teaching regarding intermittent self-catheterization for bladder emptying due to neurogenic bladder?Answer →
  604. 604A nurse is assessing an older adult client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as unique for this age group?Answer →
  605. 605The nurse is caring for a male client newly diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The physician has ordered a medication to help decrease the size of the prostate gland. Which of the following medications can help decrease the size of the prostate gland?Answer →
  606. 606A patient has a serum sodium level of 160 mEq/L. Which provider-prescribed intervention should the nurse anticipate?Answer →
  607. 607Which element would the nurse anticipate that a patient who develops hypotension and oliguria after a nephrectomy may need added to the regimen?Answer →
  608. 608A 35-year-old female presents to the clinic with fever, flank pain, and dysuria. The NP suspects acute pyelonephritis, the NP orders diagnostic tests. Which of the following findings is consistent with the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis?Answer →
  609. 609Which of the following factors is used to determine the progression of an individual's chronic kidney disease (CKD)?Answer →
  610. 610What are the treatment options for someone exhibiting pruritic due to integumentary changes from uremic syndrome?Answer →
  611. 611A client with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has this serum laboratory analysis: K+ 5.9 mEq/L Na+ 152 mEq/L Creatinine 6.2 mg/dL BUN 60 mg/dL What is the priority nursing intervention?Answer →
  612. 612A nurse is caring for a client being treated with IV vancomycin for a severe MRSA infection. Over the past 24 hours, the client's urine output has dropped to 20 mL/hr, and their creatinine has increased from 0.9 to 2.3 mg/dL. The provider suspects acute kidney injury related to the medication. This type of renal failure is classified as:Answer →
  613. 613A nurse who is left-handed is preparing to perform a straight catheterization for a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  614. 614The nurse has reviewed the Diagnostic Results at 0830. Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options. The nurse should first address the client's [A] followed by the client's [B].Answer →
  615. 615A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a history of recurring kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  616. 616A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has frequent kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  617. 617The nurse passes out medications while a client is waiting for hemodialysis. The client is ordered to receive numerous medications including antihypertensives, what is the best action for the nurse to take?Answer →
  618. 618Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?Answer →
  619. 619A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who presents with peripheral edema, shortness of breath, and crackles. Which nursing diagnosis should be prioritized?Answer →
  620. 620A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following nutrients should the nurse instruct the client to limit?Answer →
  621. 621A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and has a continuous bladder irrigation in place. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  622. 622A patient is diagnosed with fluid volume deficit. Which nursing interventions should the nurse prioritize to manage this condition effectively? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  623. 623A client with severe back pain and hematuria is found to have hydronephrosis due to urolithiasis. The nurse anticipates which treatment will be done to relieve the obstruction?Answer →
  624. 624Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient who has a sudden onset of hypertension without any family history of hypertension?Answer →
  625. 625Which assessment finding would the nurse report to the health care provider immediately when caring for a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) and a temporary subclavian hemodialysis catheter?Answer →
  626. 626A nurse is monitoring the fluid balance of an assigned client. The nurse determines that the client has proper fluid balance if which 24-hour intake and output totals are noted?Answer →
  627. 627A client has developed acute kidney injury (AKI) as a complication of glomerulonephritis. Which would the nurse expect to observe in the client?Answer →
  628. 628A nurse is providing teaching to a client about measures to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?Answer →
  629. 629The nurse prepares to insert an indwelling Foley catheter in an elderly female client. Arrange the following steps in the order the nurse should perform them. All options must be used.Answer →
  630. 630A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is taking ciprofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client?Answer →
  631. 631The composition of a patient's renal calculus is identified as uric acid. To prevent recurrence of stones, the nurse teaches the patient to avoidAnswer →
  632. 632What type of urinary incontinence that is involuntary loss of urine associated with a strong desire to urinate?Answer →
  633. 633Which of the following is an appropriate intervention in the management of the gastrointestinal effects, specifically nausea and vomiting, of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?Answer →
  634. 634A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when performing a closed intermittent irrigation?Answer →
  635. 635A nurse is caring for a client after cystectomy with ileal conduit. Which diagnosis is appropriate?Answer →
  636. 636A client with prostatitis secondary to a kidney infection has received instructions on the management of the condition at home and prevention of recurrence. The nurse determines that the client understood the instructions if the client has verbalized that he will:Answer →
  637. 637Complete the following sentences by choosing from the lists of options. The nurse knows this client is at higher risk for [blank1]. Therefore, the nurse will [blank2] and ensure [blank3] is available at the bedside.Answer →
  638. 638A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter and notes blood-tinged urine in the catheter bag. The nurse recognizes this finding can be a manifestation of which of the following urinary alterations?Answer →
  639. 639A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client with nephrotic syndrome. Which findings are most likely to be associated with this condition?Answer →
  640. 640A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney disease and is receiving therapy with epoetin alfa. When the nurse is reviewing the laboratory results, which of the following indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?Answer →
  641. 641For each therapy listed below, indicate whether the primary mechanism is convection, diffusion, or both. Each therapy may use more than one mechanism. Note: Each category must have at least one response option selected.Answer →
  642. 642A nurse is calculating the total fluid intake for a client during a 4-hr period. The client consumed 1 cup of coffee, 4 oz of orange juice, 3 oz of water, 1 cup of flavored gelatin, 1 cup of tea, 5 oz of broth, and 3 oz of water. The nurse should record how many mL of intake on the client's record? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)Answer →
  643. 643A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Which of the following findings would indicate to the nurse that renal function is improving?Answer →
  644. 644The nurse provides prescribed treatments and medications to a client admitted with complications related to chronic renal failure. What assessment finding(s) should the nurse identify as indicating effective treatment? Select all that apply.Answer →
  645. 645Which finding would the nurse notify the health care provider about when assessing a patient with acute glomerulonephritis?Answer →
  646. 646Which medication might be prescribed to a patient with Chronic Kidney Disease to treat anemia?Answer →
  647. 647Which of the kidney hormone raises blood pressure as result of angiotensin (local vasoconstriction) and aldosterone (volume expansion) secretion?Answer →
  648. 648A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L. Which actions are priority? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  649. 649A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who receives hemodialysis three times per week. Which statement by the client requires further teaching?Answer →
  650. 650Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient regarding fluoroquinolone therapy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.Answer →
  651. 651A 28-year-old female presents with dysuria, urgency, and increased frequency of urination. On physical examination, suprapubic tenderness is noted. The patient reports no fever, flank pain, or costovertebral angle tenderness. Based on these findings, what is the most likely cause of the patient's symptoms?Answer →
  652. 652Which of the following symptoms are seen in Stage 1 chronic kidney disease?Answer →
  653. 653A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous bladder irrigation following a transurethral resection of the prostate. The client reports bladder spasms and the nurse observes decreased urinary output. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  654. 654A patient has a potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?Answer →
  655. 655A client with a history of kidney disease is admitted with acute shoulder pain. Which order will the nurse discuss with the prescribing health care provider?Answer →
  656. 656The nurse has reviewed the Diagnostic Results at 0830. For each teaching statement, click to specify if each statement should be included or not included when instructing the client.Answer →
  657. 657The nurse has just received shift report on four clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?Answer →
  658. 658A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for phenazopyridine. The nurse should reinforce to the client to expect which of the following while taking this medication?Answer →
  659. 659The nurse is caring for a client who will soon receive a kidney transplant. When the client says, "What will I do if this transplant doesn't work?", what is the appropriate nursing response?Answer →
  660. 660A 65-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease presents with muscle cramps, fatigue, and ECG changes indicating peaked T-waves. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse prioritize in assessment and intervention?Answer →
  661. 661A nurse is reviewing arterial blood gas (ABG) results for a client: pH 7.30, HCO3 18 mEq/L, and PaCO2 within the expected range. Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify?Answer →
  662. 662A nurse is monitoring a client who is recovering from a colonoscopy. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of hypovolemic shock? Select all that apply.Answer →
  663. 663While reviewing a client's medication list, which medication would most likely place a client with chronic kidney disease at risk for hyperkalemia?Answer →
  664. 664A client is reporting genitourinary pain shortly after returning to the unit from a scheduled cystoscopy. Which action should the nurse take?Answer →
  665. 665Among the following individuals below, who is most at risk for developing benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?Answer →
  666. 666A client with glomerulonephritis is preparing for discharge and asks the nurse which kind of diet to follow upon returning home. Which dietary teaching should the nurse include in the discharge instructions?Answer →
  667. 667The nurse is admitting a client with prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which health history is identified by the nurse to be most significant for this diagnosis? Select all that apply.Answer →
  668. 668The nurse is teaching a client with hypermagnesemia about dietary modifications. Which meal selection by the client indicates a need for further teaching?Answer →
  669. 669Which complication would the nurse infer from finding a brown-colored effluent in the drainage bag of a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis?Answer →
  670. 670The primary nursing care plan for a patient with hyponatremia and fluid volume excess includesAnswer →
  671. 671For each client finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with polycystic kidney disease or glomerulonephritis. Each assessment may support more than 1 disease process or none at all. There must be at least 1 selection in every column. There does not need to be a selection in every row.Answer →
  672. 672A nurse is assessing a client with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who has missed two dialysis sessions. The client reports nausea, fatigue, intense itching, and a metallic taste in the mouth. Vital signs show BP 168/94 mmHg and HR 98/min. Which clinical finding is the nurse most likely to observe in this client?Answer →
  673. 673A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who is to begin receiving peritoneal dialysis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to ensure proper dialysate exchange?Answer →
  674. 674A nurse caring for an older adult client admitted with a urinary tract infection notes that the client is disoriented and has difficulty maintaining attention during the night but appears more alert and oriented in the morning. How should the nurse best interpret these cognitive changes?Answer →
  675. 675A nurse is caring for a group of clients who have been diagnosed with urinary retention. Which of the following underlying conditions place these clients at risk for urinary retention? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  676. 676A nurse is reinforcing teaching about renal transplant with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having a contraindication for this procedure?Answer →
  677. 677A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing prostatic hypertrophy. Which of the following findings associated with urinary retention should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  678. 678Drag the words from the choices below to fill in each blank in the following sentence. Effective management strategies for chronic kidney disease include [blank1], [blank2] and [blank3]Answer →
  679. 679A patient with ESRD requiring hemodialysis reports fatigue and muscle wasting. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?Answer →
  680. 680A client with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is seeking advice on lifestyle modifications to manage symptoms and reduce cardiovascular risks. Which dietary change should the nurse prioritize in teaching the client?Answer →
  681. 681A nurse is assessing the patency of an arteriovenous fistula in the left arm of a client who was receiving hemodialysis for the treatment of chronic renal failure. Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent:Answer →
  682. 682A client has just had a surgical creation of an arteriovenous fistula in the left arm for hemodialysis. Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent?Answer →
  683. 683BPH patient on diuretics: priority assessment?Answer →
  684. 684The nurse is caring for a client with polycystic kidney disease. Which assessment finding requires immediate nursing intervention?Answer →
  685. 685Based on the client information, complete the following bowtie by selecting the most likely diagnosis, the actions to take, and the parameters to monitor.Answer →
  686. 686Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient about the administration of estrogen for treatment of urinary incontinence?Answer →
  687. 687A nurse is caring for a client with acute pyelonephritis. Which nursing intervention is the most important?Answer →
  688. 688The nurse is assisting the registered nurse perform discharge teaching with a female client who was admitted for pyelonephritis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching related to the prevention of pyelonephritis? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  689. 689A nurse is teaching a client who has pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease about diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?Answer →
  690. 690A nurse is discussing kidney transplant with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this treatment?Answer →
  691. 691A nurse is teaching potassium restriction. Which foods should be avoided? Select all that apply.Answer →
  692. 692A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is 1 hr postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate and is receiving continuous bladder irrigation. Which Of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?Answer →
  693. 693A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  694. 694Select the 4 findings from Day 2 that require immediate follow-upAnswer →
  695. 695The care team is considering the use of dialysis in a client whose renal function is progressively declining. Renal replacement therapy is indicated in which situation?Answer →
  696. 696The nurse performing a focused genitourinary and renal assessment of a client would focus on what anatomical location when assessing for pain due to kidney infarction?Answer →
  697. 697Which laboratory value in serum is the most critical for the nurse to monitor to prevent acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient with severe dehydration?Answer →
  698. 698A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease. Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse give to the client's partner?Answer →
  699. 699A nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury whose serum potassium level is 6.5 mEq/L. The client reports mild nausea and tingling in the hands. Telemetry shows peaked T waves. Based on these findings, the nurse should monitor the client most closely for which life-threatening complication?Answer →
  700. 700Which pharmacokinetic principle is most important for the nurse to consider when administering gentamicin to a client with chronic kidney disease?Answer →
  701. 701A nurse is reviewing provider prescriptions for a client who has reduced kidney function. Which of the following prescribed diagnostics should the nurse question?Answer →
  702. 702A nurse is teaching a client following a cystoscopy about his new prescription for tamsulosin. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  703. 703A nurse is caring for a client who Has hypernatremia and is receiving intravenous (IV) hypotonic fluid replacement. What is one sign of this imbalance?Answer →
  704. 704Which complication will the nurse monitor for in a pregnant patient who is diagnosed with cystitis?Answer →
  705. 705Why is dyslipidemia commonly observed in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?Answer →
  706. 706A nurse is planning care for a client who has renal stones and a urinary catheter in place. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?Answer →
  707. 707What is the primary pathophysiological process underlying postrenal failure?Answer →
  708. 708A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent infection?Answer →
  709. 709A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department with a diagnosis of renal calculi. Which of the following areas of the renal system does most renal calculi begin forming?Answer →
  710. 710The nurse is caring for a client who has undergone creation of a urinary diversion. Forty-eight hours postoperatively, the nurse's assessment reveals that the stoma is a dark purplish color. What is the nurse's most appropriate response?Answer →
  711. 711A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?Answer →
  712. 712A nurse is caring for a client admitted for renal calculus. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse associate with renal calculi? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  713. 713A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of urge incontinence. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  714. 714Untreated Stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) will result in which of the following symptoms?Answer →
  715. 715Electrolytes are charged ions dissolved in body fluids. Identify the correct statements.Answer →
  716. 716A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema and is producing 35 mL of urine per hour. The nurse should place the client on which of the following diets?Answer →
  717. 717Which condition is the nurse concerned about in an adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had a respiratory illness 1 week ago and presents to the emergency department with the following?Answer →
  718. 718A nurse assesses an adolescent client who reports sudden severe scrotal pain and nausea after playing sports. The affected testicle appears elevated and swollen. Which action should the nurse take first?Answer →
  719. 719A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?Answer →
  720. 720You are a nurse in a rehabilitation unit at a skilled nursing care facility. You see several patients with various types of urinary incontinence. Match each patient description with the type of urinary incontinence they are most likely experiencing.Answer →
  721. 721The nurse cares for clients in a residential care facility. The nurse notes the client is suddenly disoriented to person, place, and time, and is falling. Which action does the nurse take first?Answer →
  722. 722A nurse is monitoring a client who is dehydrated. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse report to the provider?Answer →
  723. 723A nurse is assisting in the planning of care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend including in the plan of care?Answer →
  724. 724A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a sodium level of 128 mEq/L. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?Answer →
  725. 725A nurse is caring for a client who is in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  726. 726The charge nurse observes a new nurse prepare to administer oral potassium supplements to a client with hypokalemia. What action by the new nurse requires intervention by the charge nurse?Answer →
  727. 727The nurse plans care for a client with a sodium level of 118 mEq/L due to fluid overload. What fluid should the nurse anticipate the healthcare provider to prescribe?Answer →
  728. 728The nurse has just received the report on a busy medical-surgical unit. The nurse identifies which client's condition to be a risk for metabolic acidosis?Answer →
  729. 729A nurse is caring for a client who has progressing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following laboratory results would the nurse expect to find in the client's electronic health record?Answer →
  730. 730Client returning from hemodialysis after kidney transplant with sodium 110 mEq/L, potassium 2.0 mEq/L, BP 96/58 mm Hg HR 118/min irregular, RR 22/min, weakness, which finding most supports the highest priority?Answer →
  731. 731A nurse is caring for a client who has a fungal infection and has a new prescription for amphotericin B. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse report to the provider before initiating the medication?Answer →
  732. 732A patient will need vascular access for hemodialysis. Which statement by the nurse accurately describes an advantage of a fistula over a graft?Answer →
  733. 733What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?Answer →
  734. 734A nurse is preparing to obtain a daily weight from a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement?Answer →
  735. 735The nurse is preparing to assess four clients after shift report. For each client, identify whether the client is high priority or lower priority for immediate assessment.Answer →
  736. 736The nurse recognizes that a patient reporting urinary incontinence is most likely experiencing stress incontinence upon hearing which of these patient statements?Answer →
  737. 737The nurse is caring for four clients. Which client does the nurse identify that is likely experiencing stress incontinence?Answer →
  738. 738A client with a diagnosis of cystitis has an indwelling urinary catheter and is being cared for by a nursing assistant. The nurse observes the nursing assistant care for the client and intervenes if the nursing assistant:Answer →
  739. 739A patient admitted with dehydration secondary to prolonged diarrhea has a serum sodium level of 158 mEq/L. The patient appears restless and reports intense thirst. Vital signs show mild tachycardia. Which assessment is the nurse's priority?Answer →
  740. 740Which of the following findings require immediate follow-up by the nurse. (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  741. 741A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a sodium level of 128 mEq/L. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?Answer →
  742. 742A client receives hemodialysis through a left-arm arteriovenous fistula. Which nursing action is appropriate?Answer →
  743. 743A nurse in a long-term care facility is caring for an older adult client who has dementia and begins to have frequent episodes of urinary incontinence. After the provider determines no medical cause for the client's incontinence, which of the following interventions should the nurse initiate to manage this behavior?Answer →
  744. 744The nurse has implemented a bladder retraining program for an older adult client. The nurse places the client on a timed voiding schedule and performs an ultrasonic bladder scan after each void. The nurse notes that the client typically has approximately 50 mL of urine remaining in the bladder after voiding. What would be the nurse's best response to this finding?Answer →
  745. 745A client is admitted to the emergency department after a fall from a horse, and the primary health care provider (PHCP) prescribes insertion of a urinary catheter. While preparing for the procedure, the nurse notes blood at the urinary meatus. The nurse would take which action?Answer →
  746. 746A nurse is caring for a client who has a new arteriovenous (AV) graft in his left forearm. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to assess the patency of this graft?Answer →
  747. 747A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values for a client who takes spironolactone and notes that the client's serum potassium level is 6.8 mEq/L. The nurse notifies the provider and anticipates that the provider will provide which of the following instructions?Answer →
  748. 748A nurse is caring for a client who is in the diuresis phase of acute kidney injury. The nurse should closely monitor the client for what complication during this phase?Answer →
  749. 749A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?Answer →
  750. 750The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pyelonephritis who is experiencing flank pain, fever, and dysuria. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize in the initial management of this client?Answer →
  751. 751A client arrives at the emergency department with complaints of low abdominal pain and hematuria and fever. The client is afebrile. The nurse next assesses the client to determine a history of which condition?Answer →
  752. 752A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who takes furosemide and has a serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to include in his daily diet?Answer →
  753. 753A client presents with metabolic acidosis, and the nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) results showing a low pH and decreased bicarbonate level. Which nursing action best supports the kidneys' role in correcting this acid-base imbalance?Answer →
  754. 754A nurse is instructing a female client on obtaining a clean-catch urine specimen. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?Answer →
  755. 755The registered nurse (RN) evaluates the licensed practical nurse (LPN) removing a client's indwelling urinary catheter. Which action by the LPN requires intervention from the RN?Answer →
  756. 756A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following laboratory reports should the nurse expect to find?Answer →
  757. 757A nurse is caring for a client who has endometriosis and will receive depot injections of leuprolide. The client asks about the effects of this medication. Which of the following information should the nurse give the client?Answer →
  758. 758A patient with chronic kidney disease demonstrates progressive anemia and muscle weakness. Which intervention should be prioritized?Answer →
  759. 759A 60-year-old female reports involuntary urine leakage and seeks evaluation for her symptoms. During the assessment, the NP distinguishes between functional and urge incontinence. What is the key difference between functional and urge incontinence?Answer →
  760. 760A nurse is caring for a client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The client is admitted to the hospital for renal calculi and reports their abdomen has been getting bigger. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the best explanation for the increase in the abdominal girth?Answer →
  761. 761The nurse is caring for a client with acute glomerular inflammation. When assessing for the characteristic signs and symptoms of this health problem, the nurse should include which assessments? Select all that apply.Answer →
  762. 762A nurse is assessing a client who has a urinary tract infection and is receiving cefaclor. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of the medication?Answer →
  763. 763Which clinical manifestation indicates that treatment has been effective for a patient with pyelonephritis?Answer →
  764. 764A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has frequent oxalate kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  765. 765A patient with hypokalemia is being educated on dietary sources to help increase potassium levels. Which food choice should the nurse recommend as the best option?Answer →
  766. 766A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Which of the following findings would indicate to the nurse that renal function is improving?Answer →
  767. 767A nurse is caring for older adult clients at a long-term care facility. Which of the following assessments should the nurse consider when monitoring clients for urinary retention? (Select All that Apply.)Answer →
  768. 768The nurse is planning education for a group of clients about risk factors for erectile dysfunction. Which risk factor(s) should the nurse include? Select all that apply.Answer →
  769. 769A nurse is caring for a patient with a serum calcium level of 12.1 mg/dL. The patient reports mild nausea and generalized muscle weakness. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to include in the plan of care?Answer →
  770. 770A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a potential causative factor?Answer →
  771. 771A nurse is teaching a group of unlicensed assistive personnel about urinary tract infections (UTI) in clients who have vaginas. When describing why clients who have vaginas have higher rates of UTIs than clients who don't have vaginas, which of the following explanations should the nurse use?Answer →
  772. 772A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about the process of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  773. 773A nurse is caring for a client in a clinic who has foul-smelling urine, a low-grade fever of 37.7° C (100° F), and pain with urination. Which of the following should the nurse expect the health care provider to order? Select all that apply.Answer →
  774. 774A nurse is assisting in the post-dialysis plan of care for a client who is receiving hemodialysis treatment for chronic kidney disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?Answer →
  775. 775A 68-year-old male client is seeing the primary care provider for an annual examination. Which assessment finding alerts the nurse to an increased risk for bladder cancer?Answer →
  776. 776Which intervention would the nurse do for the immediate treatment of the patient who reports severe pain at their renal transplant site 36 hours after surgery, and has a blood pressure is 170/90 mm Hg, and body temperature is 1040F (400C) upon examination?Answer →
  777. 777A nurse is assessing four clients in the uralogy clinic. Which client finding requires the most immediate follow-up for possible bladder cancer?Answer →
  778. 778A nurse is assessing a client who has a urine output of 250 mL in a 24-hr period. Which of the following descriptive terms should the nurse place in the client's electronic record?Answer →
  779. 779A nurse is planning care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?Answer →
  780. 780A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a female client about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?Answer →
  781. 781A nurse is assessing a client who has hypercalcemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify in a client who has hypercalcemia?Answer →
  782. 782A nurse is caring for a 68-kg (150-lb) client who has dehydration. Which of the following manifestations is an indication of effective treatment?Answer →
  783. 783A patient with hyperkalemia receives insulin and dextrose. Which findings indicate therapy effectiveness? Select all that apply.Answer →
  784. 784A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?Answer →
  785. 785What is the primary pathophysiological process underlying pre-renal failure?Answer →
  786. 786A nurse is reinforcing nutrition teaching for a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  787. 787A nurse is providing skin care for a client who has urinary incontinence. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  788. 788Select the 4 findings from day 2 that require immediate follow-up.Answer →
  789. 789A nurse is precepting a student nurse, observing them care for a client who has a new arteriovenous (AV) graft in his left forearm. Which statement by the student nurse requires immediate follow-up?Answer →
  790. 790A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney failure. The client's ABG values are pH 7.12 (7.35 to 7.45), HCO3 20 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L), PaO2 90 mm Hg (80 to 100 mm Hg), and PaCO2 40 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg). Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify?Answer →
  791. 791Which of the following clients is at the greatest risk for developing a UTI?Answer →
  792. 792nic kidney disease. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?Answer →
  793. 793A nurse is caring for a client who has an admitted diagnosis of renal calculi and medical history of hypertension and gout. The client works 6 days of the week outside in temperatures between 32.2° C to 37.8° C (90° F to 100° F). Which of the following should the nurse tell the client to prevent a reoccurrence of renal calculi?Answer →
  794. 794Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan for an adult client with hypernatremia?Answer →
  795. 795A nurse is caring for a client with chronic kidney disease who requires dietary management to control potassium intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the client to limit due to its high potassium content?Answer →
  796. 796The nurse is caring for an acutely ill client. What assessment finding should prompt the nurse to inform the health care provider that the client may be exhibiting signs of acute kidney injury (AKI)?Answer →
  797. 797A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings indicate the client is experiencing the complication of hyperkalemia?Answer →
  798. 798A nurse is reviewing the chart of a client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). The provider notes the cause is prerenal. Based on this information, which finding would best explain the client's kidney injury?Answer →
  799. 799A client on the medical unit has a documented history of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). What principle should guide the nurse's care of this client?Answer →
  800. 800A 68-year-old patient with a history of chronic renal failure is admitted with a serum potassium level of 6.4 mEq/L. The nurse notes the patient is experiencing muscle weakness and an irregular apical pulse. Which provider order should the nurse prioritize to ensure patient safety and protect the myocardium?Answer →
  801. 801A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for cyclobenzaprine. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?Answer →
  802. 802A client receiving peritoneal dialysis reports new abdominal discomfort. Which finding requires the nurse's immediate intervention?Answer →
  803. 803What is the primary role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the regulation of kidney function?Answer →
  804. 804Which pre-procedure action may prevent complications for the patient during contrast imaging?Answer →
  805. 805A patient is experiencing renal failure and develops a K+ level of 7.2. The nurse anticipates the administration of which of the following? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  806. 806A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L (7.0 mmol/L). The nurse would take which actions as a priority? Select all that apply.Answer →
  807. 807A nurse is assessing a client who has an arteriovenous (AV) graft in the left forearm. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a complication of vascular access?Answer →
  808. 808A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following laboratory reports should the nurse expect to find?Answer →
  809. 809The 15-year-old is admitted to the renal unit with a diagnosis of postinfectious glomerular disease. The nurse should recognize that this form of kidney disease may have been precipitated by what event?Answer →
  810. 810A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following laboratory reports should the nurse expect to find?Answer →
  811. 811A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula for hemodialysis. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse include?Answer →
  812. 812The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who is prescribed cefaclor oral suspension 375 mg every 8 hours. The client has a prescription bottle labeled cefaclor 125 mg/5 ml oral suspension. How many teaspoons (tsp) per dose will the nurse instruct the client to take? (Round to the nearest whole number if needed.) ___ tspAnswer →
  813. 813A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client with a history of renal disease and identifies a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L (nl. 3.5-5 mEq/L). Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?Answer →
  814. 814A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?Answer →
  815. 815A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for potassium chloride (KCL) 20 mEq PO daily. The nurse reviews the client's most recent laboratory results and finds the client's potassium level is 5.2 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  816. 816A nurse is caring for a client receiving hemodialysis three times per week who recently had an arteriovenous (AV) fistula created in the left forearm. Which of the following nursing actions is most important to ensure the long-term function of the fistula?Answer →
  817. 817A client with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis needs further teaching if they say:Answer →
  818. 818When administering IV fluids to a patient with renal failure, the nurse prioritizes which of the following assessments?Answer →
  819. 819A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for lithotripsy about conditions that can contribute to the formation of renal calculi. Which of the following conditions should the nurse include?Answer →
  820. 820A client is discharged after invasive urologic testing and reports slight blood-tinged urine. Which instruction should the nurse provide?Answer →
  821. 821After receiving change of shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first?Answer →
  822. 822The nursing student is assigned to care for a client with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI), diuretic phase. The nursing instructor asks the student about the primary goal of the treatment plan for this client. Which goal, if stated by the nursing student, indicates an adequate understanding of the treatment plan for this client?Answer →
  823. 823A nurse is monitoring a client who has dehydration and is receiving IV fluid replacement. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as effectiveness of the treatment?Answer →
  824. 824A nurse is collecting data for a client who has early manifestations of renal impairment. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?Answer →
  825. 825A nurse is assisting in the plan of care for a client who is scheduled to have a renal biopsy. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  826. 826A nurse is caring for a client immediately following a hemodialysis treatment. For which of the following manifestations will the nurse administer a PRN dose of phenytoin?Answer →
  827. 827A client is scheduled for surgical creation of an internal arteriovenous (AV) fistula on the following day. The client says to the nurse, "I'll be so happy when the fistula is made tomorrow. This means I can have that other hemodialysis catheter pulled right out." Which interpretation would the nurse make based on the client's statement?Answer →
  828. 828What is the primary role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?Answer →
  829. 829A nurse is planning care for a client who has cystitis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?Answer →
  830. 830A nurse is caring for a postoperative patient who received multiple doses of magnesium-containing antacids overnight. This morning the patient is difficult to arouse, has weak hand grips, and a blood pressure of 88/54 mm Hg. The ECG shows a prolonged PR interval. Which provider order should the nurse implement first?Answer →
  831. 831A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of peritonitis?Answer →
  832. 832A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of urge incontinence. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  833. 833A nurse is caring for a client with prerenal acute kidney injury. The client's blood pressure is 85/60 mm Hg and urine output is 100 mL over 4 hours. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?Answer →
  834. 834A nurse on a medical unit is assessing four clients for urinary retention. Which of the following clients have manifestations of urinary retention?Answer →
  835. 835A nurse is caring for a client who has paraplegia following an automobile accident. The client is on an intermittent urinary catheterization program. Which of the following findings indicates the need for catheterization?Answer →
  836. 836A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing prostatic hypertrophy. Which of the following findings associated with urinary retention should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)Answer →