Erudiway

RN Nursing School · Pharmacology · 475 questions

Medications Affecting the Immune System practice questions

Every question below is free to read with its full rationale. For timed sets, the rest of the bank and progress tracking on Medications Affecting the Immune System, practise in the app.

Practise Medications Affecting the Immune System in the appAbout the RN Nursing School program →
  1. 1A female client was prescribed doxycycline. Other medications on the clients medication history include: ibuprofen, multivitamin, and birth control pills. What information should the nurse prioritize when teaching about this medication?Answer →
  2. 2A three-year-old patient is diagnosed with tinea capitis. Which oral antifungal medication would be MOST appropriate for treatment?Answer →
  3. 3A 72-year-old woman on gentamicin for a complicated UTI develops decreased urine output and rising creatinine in follow-up labs. What is the next step in primary care?Answer →
  4. 4Which statement BEST explains why topical cyclosporine is used in the treatment of dry eyes?Answer →
  5. 5Gynecomastia is most associated with which antifungal?Answer →
  6. 6Paxlovid® is a new medication on the market used to treat covid 19. It contains nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. What is the purpose of the ritonavir in this drug combination?Answer →
  7. 7A patient with a mild penicillin allergy (hives only, no anaphylaxis) requires treatment for otitis media. Which drug is the MOST appropriate option?Answer →
  8. 8A patient with HIV infection has been receiving antiretroviral therapy for 2 months. At the initiation of treatment, the patient had a viral load (VL) of 6000 copies/mL and a CD4 count of 350 cells/mm². Today's lab results reveal a viral load of 40 copies/mL and a CD4 cell count of 800 cells/mm³, which of these is the correct interpretation of this patient's lab result?Answer →
  9. 9A nurse is preparing to administer amphotericin B lipid complex via intermittent IV bolus to a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  10. 10Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering?Answer →
  11. 11The nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who was admitted yesterday with cellulitis of the lower leg as the result of peripheral vascular disease. Which finding is consistent with the client's diagnosis?Answer →
  12. 12A 42-year-old woman with newly diagnosed shingles presents within 24 hours of rash onset. She has normal renal function. Which oral antiviral would be the MOST appropriate first-line therapy?Answer →
  13. 13A patient diagnosed with a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by a gram-negative bacterium is prescribed an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Which key nursing assessment and intervention should be prioritized during this patient's treatment?Answer →
  14. 14The client reports to the nurse that the last time penicillin was prescribed, a severe maculopapular rash appeared over the entire chest. Which information should the nurse provide the client regarding future antibiotic prescriptions?Answer →
  15. 15A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis and receiving metronidazole therapy. Which nursing action is the highest priority to ensure safe and effective treatment?Answer →
  16. 16JR is a 45 y/o male who has been treating onychomycosis for 12 weeks with OTC medications. He visits his PCP for help. Which medication is the PCP most likely to prescribe?Answer →
  17. 17Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse the teaching was effective? Select all that apply.Answer →
  18. 18The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old patient who will receive oral antibiotics. Which antibiotic order will the nurse question for this patient?Answer →
  19. 19The positive tuberculin skin test in this patient represents which type of hypersensitivity reaction?Answer →
  20. 20The mechanism of action of penicillins is to:Answer →
  21. 21A nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed doxycycline for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Which of the following side effects should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.Answer →
  22. 22A 40-year-old renal transplant patient is receiving ganciclovir for CMV prophylaxis. He presents with pallor, fever, and petechiae. Which adverse effect is MOST likely responsible?Answer →
  23. 23Which white blood cell (WBC) count with differential is characteristic of a client with a bacterial infection?Answer →
  24. 24Which statement BEST explains why topical cyclosporine is used in the treatment of dry eyes?Answer →
  25. 25A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a dose of IV amphotericin B. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing an acute infusion reaction?Answer →
  26. 26A patient with HIV infection complains of significant fat accumulation around the waist, stomach, and back of the neck after starting antiretroviral therapy. Which class of drugs is MOST likely responsible for this adverse effect?Answer →
  27. 27A 28-year-old at 22 weeks' gestation has symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis. Which is the most appropriate treatment?Answer →
  28. 28A patient reports acute ear pain and itching. Tenderness is noted when the auricle is pulled. Which finding indicates that topical antibiotic ear drops are the MOST appropriate treatment?Answer →
  29. 29A 24-year-old with nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, and afebrile exam consistent with a viral URI requests a "just-in-case antibiotic." Which approach aligns with the recommended guidance on antibiotic use?Answer →
  30. 30Which of the following interventions are effective in preventing bacterial infections transmitted via the fecal-oral route in a community setting? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  31. 31What is the primary treatment recommendation for adults with onychomycosis?Answer →
  32. 32A nurse is caring for a client who acquired a Staphylococcus aureus infection from touching a contaminated towel. Through which of the following modes of transmission did the client acquire the infection?Answer →
  33. 33Which of the following agents is the drug of choice to treat Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium Difficile (Cdiff)?Answer →
  34. 34What combination of antibiotics produces clinically proven synergism?Answer →
  35. 35Which statement provides accurate information about the herpes virus?Answer →
  36. 36Which of the following statements should the nurse practitioner include when educating a patient about infectious conjunctivitis?Answer →
  37. 37A client has a new prescription for maximumdose piperacillintazobactam for hospitalacquired pneumonia HAP Which laboratory finding should the nurse report before administrationAnswer →
  38. 38Which of the following patients is at GREATEST risk for developing systemic fungal infections?Answer →
  39. 39A nurse is developing an educational program to reduce antibiotic resistance in the community. Which strategy should be emphasized as most effective in preventing antibiotic resistance?Answer →
  40. 40Which statement BEST explains why topical cyclosporine is used in the treatment of dry eyes?Answer →
  41. 41A nurse is assessing a client who is taking gentamicin. For which of the following findings should the nurse withhold the medication?Answer →
  42. 42The nurse cares for a patient receiving chemotherapy who has clinically significant neutropenia. Which of these actions is appropriate?Answer →
  43. 43A female patient has AIDS and is experiencing a superinfection of oral and esophageal candidiasis, and carcinoma of the cervix. Which intervention is the nurse's priority?Answer →
  44. 44Which information about methotrexate are true (select all that apply)Answer →
  45. 45The patient suited to receive penicillin G potassium has what?Answer →
  46. 46Associate the general mechanism of action with the corresponding antibacterial agent:Answer →
  47. 47A client asks if she will lose her hair from chemotherapy. What is the best response from the nurse?Answer →
  48. 48A 19-year-old female presents with dysuria, suprapubic pain, and a positive urine culture for E. coli. She is 8 weeks pregnant. What is the safest antibiotic option?Answer →
  49. 49Which Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guideline supports antifungal stewardship in the management of aspergillosis?Answer →
  50. 50A three-year-old patient is diagnosed with tinea capitis. Which oral antifungal medication would be MOST appropriate for treatment?Answer →
  51. 51Which precaution should the nurse implement for self-protection when a patient who has herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) needs to receive acyclovir (Zovirax)?Answer →
  52. 52The client is being discharged on antibiotics. Order: Cefaclor 15 mg/kg/dose PO q12h for a child weighing 11 kg. Available: The medication labeled below is available. How many ml should the nurse administer per dose? Round to the nearest tenth. Enter numeric value only (no commas or labels). mLAnswer →
  53. 53A client has a new prescription for maximum-dose piperacillin-tazobactam for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Which laboratory finding should the nurse report before administration?Answer →
  54. 54Which of the following antiviral agents inhibits the conversion of vRNA into vDNA?Answer →
  55. 55The nurse is caring for a client who takes methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis and receives a prescription for adalimumab. Which instructions should the nurse provide the client?Answer →
  56. 56A nurse is preparing to administer amphotericin B lipid complex via intermittent IV bolus to a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  57. 57Which of the following statements BEST reflects the recommended choice of antibiotics for acute otitis media (AOM) in children?Answer →
  58. 58A nurse is administering immunoglobulin intravenous to a pediatric patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What is the primary therapeutic effect of this medication?Answer →
  59. 59A patient with HIV infection develops symptoms of lactic acidosis. Which class of antiretroviral drugs is MOST likely responsible for this adverse effect?Answer →
  60. 60A 16-year-old boy presents with rough papules on his hands, which are diagnosed as common warts. His mother asks about treatment options that can be applied at home. Which recommendation is MOST appropriate?Answer →
  61. 61A patient is prescribed penicillin to treat a newly diagnosed streptococcal infection. The nurse explains that this medication works by targeting the bacteria's ability to survive and multiply. Which action best explains how penicillin helps eliminate the infection?Answer →
  62. 62A 72-year-old woman on gentamicin for a complicated UTI develops decreased urine output and rising creatinine in follow-up labs. What is the next step in primary care?Answer →
  63. 63A 33-year-old man develops recurrent cold sores (HSV-1). He asks for an over-the-counter topical therapy. Which drug should the nurse practitioner recommend?Answer →
  64. 64A 6-year-old child with E. coli urinary tract infection requires oral penicillin. Which medication is preferred and why?Answer →
  65. 65A 33-year-old man develops recurrent cold sores (HSV-1). He asks for an over-the-counter topical therapy. Which drug should the nurse practitioner recommend?Answer →
  66. 66A 3-year-old child is prescribed pyrantel pamoate for pinworms. The parents report that their child is still symptomatic after 1 week. What is the MOST appropriate advice?Answer →
  67. 67A patient with HIV infection complains of significant fat accumulation around the waist, stomach, and back of the neck after starting antiretroviral therapy. Which class of drugs is MOST likely responsible for this adverse effect?Answer →
  68. 68Which drugs from the list below are antivirals indicated for the treatment of HIV? (select all that apply)Answer →
  69. 69A 50-year-old patient with a history of diabetes and peripheral arterial disease presents with redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness in the lower left leg. The healthcare provider suspects cellulitis and orders intravenous (IV) vancomycin. Before administering the first dose of IV vancomycin, what is the nurse's priority assessment?Answer →
  70. 70Which of the following is a recommended parenteral regimen for the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?Answer →
  71. 71A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for amoxicillin. Which of the following potential side effects should the nurse include?Answer →
  72. 72Why can certain antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis without significantly affecting human cells?Answer →
  73. 73The nurse is administering the sixth IV dose of gentamicin to a client with extensive full thickness burns. Which assessment finding warrants further intervention?Answer →
  74. 74A client who has recently undergone a kidney transplant and is taking tacrolimus reports a headache and asks which over-the-counter medication is safest to use for relief. Which response should the nurse provide?Answer →
  75. 75What is the preferred drug for treating all stages of syphilis?Answer →
  76. 76What is the primary mechanism of action of tetracyclines?Answer →
  77. 77What is the INITIAL recommended management approach for male sex partners of women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis?Answer →
  78. 78Why are some penicillins ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?Answer →
  79. 79A patient with active HIV has been taking zidovudine (Retrovir). The Healthcare Provider (HCP) has advised that he can only take this medication for a short amount of time, explaining:Answer →
  80. 80Which pairing correctly matches the drug with the mechanism described?Answer →
  81. 81An older adult client is receiving vancomycin for a hospital acquired infection (HAI). Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?Answer →
  82. 82Which of the following statements BEST reflects the recommended choice of antibiotics for acute otitis media (AOM) in children?Answer →
  83. 83A patient is admitted to the hospital with septicemia and endocarditis. The physician orders Gentamicin to treat the patient. The nurses gets the AM labs back and notes that drug trough levels are high and the patient is reporting new symptoms. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse identify as a potential toxicity of Gentamicin?Answer →
  84. 84A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who is taking erythropoietin. Which of the following results indicates the medication is effective?Answer →
  85. 85A client has been taking a broad spectrum antibiotic for an infected wound. The client reports a fever, abdominal cramping, and excessive foul-smelling diarrhea. Which of the following actions will the nurse prioritize?Answer →
  86. 86A patient has developed active tuberculosis and is prescribed isoniazid and rifampin. Which information will the nurse include in teaching the patient about taking this drug? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  87. 87Which of the following pharmacologic actions is shared by podophyllin and podofilox in the treatment of venereal warts?Answer →
  88. 88A patient reports acute ear pain and itching. Tenderness is noted when the auricle is pulled. Which finding indicates that topical antibiotic ear drops are the MOST appropriate treatment?Answer →
  89. 89Which of the following antivirals is used as an inhaler to treat Influenza A and B?Answer →
  90. 90A nurse is educating a patient who has started taking isoniazid for tuberculosis treatment. Which laboratory value should the nurse emphasize for regular monitoring due to the potential adverse effects of isoniazid?Answer →
  91. 91Which of the following antibacterial agents is resistant to β-lactamases?Answer →
  92. 92Which nursing intervention has the highest priority for the patient who is taking cefepime?Answer →
  93. 93A patient is prescribed clindamycin for a suspected bacterial infection. Which of the following instructions should the NP provide to the patient regarding the potential adverse effects of clindamycin?Answer →
  94. 94The nurse is aware that most patients receiving metronidazole are being treated for infections of theAnswer →
  95. 95A client is receiving metronidazole for Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. Which information should the nurse include in this client's medication teaching plan?Answer →
  96. 96A client receiving adalimumab reports night sweats, weight loss, and a persistent cough lasting over three weeks. Vital signs show a low-grade fever and bilateral crackles on lung auscultation. What is the nurse's priority concern?Answer →
  97. 97When reviewing the antiviral medications oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) used for treatment of the flu, which of the following statements should the nurse include?Answer →
  98. 98A 22-year-old female presents for initiation of isotretinoin therapy for severe nodulocystic acne that has not responded to conventional treatment. Which of the following actions should the nurse practitioner take BEFORE prescribing this medication?Answer →
  99. 99Which statement best explains why Aspergillosis is considered an opportunistic infection?Answer →
  100. 100A 58-year-old man is receiving vancomycin as part of the treatment for a severe bone infection. After the infusion, he begins to experience some itching and flushing of the neck, face, and upper body. He reports no chills or difficulty breathing. What should the nurse suspect?Answer →
  101. 101After empiric broad-spectrum therapy, cultures identify a single susceptible pathogen. What action best reflects antimicrobial stewardship?Answer →
  102. 102Which treatment approach is MOST appropriate for mild, localized impetigo?Answer →
  103. 103A 42-year-old patient presents with right ear pain and purulent drainage after frequent swimming. Pain increases when the tragus is palpated. The patient has no history of chronic illness or immunodeficiency, and the tympanic membrane is intact. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate management?Answer →
  104. 104Which is a characteristic that distinguishes sulfonamides from other drugs used to treat bacterial infection?Answer →
  105. 105What is the key advantage of narrow-spectrum therapy?Answer →
  106. 106What is the MOST common adverse effect associated with Integrated Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)?Answer →
  107. 107Which feature of Gram-negative bacteria makes them MORE resistant to certain antibiotics compared to Gram-positive bacteria?Answer →
  108. 108To increase its effectiveness, which medication should the nurse administer with ampicillin (Principen)?Answer →
  109. 109The nurse is working with a patient who has been receiving aminoglycoside therapy intravenously. Which finding should alert the nurse to stop the infusion?Answer →
  110. 110Which of the following statements regarding amphotericin B is true?Answer →
  111. 111Which of the following antibiotics is a narrow-spectrum penicillin?Answer →
  112. 112Which statement about azole antifungals in older adults is accurate based on the guidance?Answer →
  113. 113Which patient scenario would require oral antibiotic therapy instead of topical treatment?Answer →
  114. 114A patient with pneumonia is being prepared for a culture and sensitivity test. The physician has ordered the initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics. How should the nurse prioritize the following actions to ensure appropriate antibiotic administration?Answer →
  115. 115Two months after taking nitrofurantoin for a bacterial infection, a client reports the onset of severe watery diarrhea to the home health nurse. How should the nurse respond?Answer →
  116. 116An adolescent client is prescribed an antibiotic to treat severe acne. The client asks the nurse why antibiotics help treat acne. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?Answer →
  117. 117A patient with HIV infection develops symptoms of lactic acidosis. Which class of antiretroviral drugs is MOST likely responsible for this adverse effect?Answer →
  118. 118Before initiating ustekinumab for a patient with moderate to severe psoriasis, which of the following actions should the nurse practitioner take?Answer →
  119. 119A patient receives erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) epoetin alfa. Which assessment finding would require the nurse to notify the patient's provider?Answer →
  120. 120A patient with mild atopic dermatitis is prescribed pimecrolimus 1% cream. Which statement by the patient indicates the correct understanding of medication use?Answer →
  121. 121A 30-year-old, otherwise healthy, normoweight adult tests positive for COVID-19 with mild symptoms (fever, myalgias, cough). Which management aligns with the guidance?Answer →
  122. 122A 5-year-old child presents with chickenpox. The rash began 12 hours ago. Which antiviral could be prescribed to shorten disease duration, and what is the age-appropriate route of administration?Answer →
  123. 123A female client returns to the clinic after being treated for chlamydia with azithromycin IM and reports that she still has symptoms. The healthcare provider (HCP) obtains a swab of the discharge from the cervix for testing for chlamydia. The client reports maintaining a monogamous relationship when the laboratory results are positive for the sexually transmitted infection. Which information should the nurse obtain to evaluate the ineffective results of treatment?Answer →
  124. 124A nurse is administering epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) to a patient undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. The nurse understands that this medication is prescribed to address which chemotherapy-related complication?Answer →
  125. 125A patient with mild atopic dermatitis is prescribed pimecrolimus 1% cream. Which statement by the patient indicates the correct understanding of medication use?Answer →
  126. 126A 65-year-old man presents with fever, productive cough, and chest x-ray showing lobar consolidation. Which organism is MOST likely responsible?Answer →
  127. 127The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with cancer. The nurse should recognize which process(es) describe the pathophysiology of cancer? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  128. 128A patient with a community-acquired pneumonia is prescribed azithromycin. During the assessment, the nurse notes that the patient is also taking simvastatin. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?Answer →
  129. 129A patient receiving ciprofloxacin for a complicated urinary tract infection reports new onset of sharp pain and swelling in the Achilles tendon area. Considering the patient's medication and symptoms, what is the nurse's best immediate action?Answer →
  130. 130A culture from an 80-year-old patient reveals Haemophilus in the sputum that is sensitive to ampicillin (Principen). Which is the nurse's priority assessment before administering the antibiotic?Answer →
  131. 131A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin IV to a client. Which of the following medications may interact with vancomycin?Answer →
  132. 132Which nursing intervention is the priority when a patient is receiving antiviral drugs?Answer →
  133. 133A nurse is planning care for a client who is to receive a prescription for IV vancomycin. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?Answer →
  134. 134Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options. The nurse should first A due to the client's BAnswer →
  135. 135What is the primary mechanism of action of imipenem?Answer →
  136. 136A wound swab from a clinically improving patient shows growth of typical skin flora, but there are no signs of active infection (no erythema, warmth, purulence, or systemic symptoms). What is the most appropriate action?Answer →
  137. 137What is the mechanism of action of albendazole as an anthelmintic?Answer →
  138. 138Which statement best describes the function of the leukocytes?Answer →
  139. 139Which of the following BEST explains why antibiotics that target bacterial cell walls exhibit selective toxicity?Answer →
  140. 140A nurse is evaluating a client's response after initiating an intermittent IV bolus of vancomycin. Which of the following findings indicates the client is experiencing an allergic reaction to the medication?Answer →
  141. 141A 79-year-old patient who is seen in the clinic today for a painful rash that runs in a half-circle along her rib line. The physician makes a diagnosis of shingles and gives the patient a prescription for acyclovir (Zovirax). The patient asks what side effects she can expect. How will the nurse respond?Answer →
  142. 142Which of the following statements about CD4 count and HIV progression is correct?Answer →
  143. 143A client in the clinic is diagnosed with herpes simplex virus with symptoms that the provider feels requires systemic treatment. Which of the following agents would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this client?Answer →
  144. 144A 7-year-old boy presents with nocturnal perianal itching. His mother confirms she has noticed small, white, threadlike worms around his anus. What is the MOST appropriate evidence-based prescribing decision?Answer →
  145. 145Which agent works by inhibiting/disrupting bacterial DNA/RNA synthesis?Answer →
  146. 146The nurse identifies the hospitalized client in which situation as being at highest risk for the development of a healthcare associated infection (HAI)?Answer →
  147. 147A 19-year-old patient with mild to moderate acne vulgaris asks about treatment. Harsh scrubbing once per day has shown little to no improvement. Which of the following is the nurse practitioner's MOST appropriate response?Answer →
  148. 148A 3-year-old child is brought to the clinic with acute otitis media (AOM). The child is otherwise healthy, has mild ear pain, and a temperature of 99 degrees F. The parents are concerned and request antibiotics immediately. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines (2013), what is the MOST appropriate management?Answer →
  149. 149A female client was horseback riding when her horse slipped and fell on her leg, crushing but not breaking it, and resulting in a large amount of edema over the crushed area. Which pathophysiological mechanism is responsible for the edema?Answer →
  150. 150A patient with a bacterial infection is prescribed an antibiotic. Which mechanism of action is most likely responsible for the therapeutic effect of penicillin?Answer →
  151. 151How might climate change contribute to the prevalence of fungal infections in a community?Answer →
  152. 152A patient with HIV is being monitored for treatment efficacy. Which lab value is most important for the nurse to evaluate to assess the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy?Answer →
  153. 153A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for amoxicillin to treat a sinus headache. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?Answer →
  154. 154When is sensitivity testing MOST likely to be performed for antibiotic selection?Answer →
  155. 155A college student presents with mild inflammatory acne. They currently wash their face twice daily with a gentle cleanser but have not used any medications. On exam, there are scattered papules and pustules on the forehead and cheeks with minimal scarring. What is the MOST appropriate initial pharmacologic treatment?Answer →
  156. 156Patients diagnosed with 'Valley Fever' can be asymptomatic or present with "the triad". This consists of what symptoms?Answer →
  157. 157A client is receiving metronidazole for Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. Which information should the nurse include in this client's medication teaching plan?Answer →
  158. 158The nurse is preparing to administer a maintenance dose of intravenous gentamicin to an elderly patient. The patient is incontinent, but the nurse notes she has not had a wet diaper for several hours. What is the nurse's best action at this time?Answer →
  159. 159A client has a new prescription for maximum dose piperacillin tazobactam for hospital acquired pneumonia HAP Which laboratory finding should the nurse report before administrationAnswer →
  160. 160A school-age child has been prescribed permethrin (Elimite). Which instructions should the nurse include when providing education to the parents? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  161. 161The nurse is teaching a client with HIV about antiretroviral therapy Which statement requires further instructionAnswer →
  162. 162A client is being treated for tuberculosis. Which medications are used to treat this condition? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  163. 163A patient with suspected bacterial meningitis requires empiric therapy. Which property of the chosen antibiotic is MOST critical?Answer →
  164. 164A patient asks the nurse, "Why should I take my HIV medication as prescribed?" Which statement by the nurse indicates an appropriate response?Answer →
  165. 165Which of the following statements regarding amphotericin B is true?Answer →
  166. 166An 82-year-old nursing home resident was exposed during an influenza A outbreak. What is the best treatment plan utilizing oseltamivir?Answer →
  167. 167What is the mechanism of action for the bacteriostatic action of tetracyclines?Answer →
  168. 168Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient who is taking mefloquine and hydroxychloroquine?Answer →
  169. 169The nurse cares for a patient with genital herpes. Acyclovir oral suspension is prescribed for the patient. Which of these statements indicate the need for further patient education?Answer →
  170. 170A client who had a soft tissue nodule biopsy receives a pathology report analysis revealing the cells are consistent with a benign tumor. Which cellular characteristic describes a benign tumor?Answer →
  171. 171The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking azithromycin. The patient has a heart rate of 60 beats/min, and a blood pressure of 100/89 mm Hg. What is the nurse's best action?Answer →
  172. 172A 40-year-old male presents with fever, cough, and myalgia. He reports exposure to a coworker diagnosed with influenza. Which of the following medications should be initiated promptly to reduce illness severity and duration?Answer →
  173. 173A nurse is caring for a client who develops an anaphylactic reaction to IV antibiotic administration. After assessing the client's respiratory status and stopping the medication infusion, which of the following actions should the nurse take next?Answer →
  174. 174A 2-month-old infant contracts a disease via vertical transmission. Which situation should the nurse investigate further to determine how the infant may have been exposed to the disease?Answer →
  175. 175Because of the nature of these bactericidal antibiotics, they are typically seen with a loading dose. (select all that apply)Answer →
  176. 176A hospitalized patient receiving chemotherapy treatment has an order for neutropenic precautions. Which of the following interventions will the nurse implement? Select all that apply.Answer →
  177. 177What is the preferred drug for treating all stages of syphilis?Answer →
  178. 178Two months after taking nitrofurantoin for a bacterial infection a client reports the onset of severe watery diarrhea to the home health nurse How should the nurse respondAnswer →
  179. 179A patient who has unrelenting bone pain as a result of metastatic cancer contracts an infection requiring treatment with nafcillin. Which nursing intervention can help decrease the needed dosage of nafcillin?Answer →
  180. 180How does penicillin work to destroy bacteria?Answer →
  181. 181A 24-year-old woman is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which mechanism underlies the drug's selective toxicity?Answer →
  182. 182A nurse is caring for a client prescribed adalimumab, a TNF inhibitor biologic DMARD, for rheumatoid arthritis. Which statement by the client requires immediate follow-up?Answer →
  183. 183A patient is taking cotrimoxazole (Bactrim) for a urinary tract infection. Which finding should the nurse instruct the patient to report as the best indication of crystalluria?Answer →
  184. 184Which of the following antibacterial agents causes discoloration of teeth due to UV absorbing properties?Answer →
  185. 185When caring for a patient receiving amphotericin B, which is most important for the nurse to assess the patient for the development of?Answer →
  186. 186A patient is prescribed clindamycin for a suspected bacterial infection. Which of the following instructions should the NP provide to the patient regarding the potential adverse effects of clindamycin?Answer →
  187. 187A group of office workers is concerned because a package was opened that contained a white powdery substance. There is a concern that the white powder is anthrax. Which drug does the nurse anticipate being prescribed for the office workers?Answer →
  188. 188What is the principal indication for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP)?Answer →
  189. 189A patient is taking piperacillin-tazobactam. Which nursing interventions are most appropriate for this drug? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  190. 190A nurse is preparing to administer amphotericin B lipid complex via intermittent IV bolus to a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?Answer →
  191. 191A child with leukemia is receiving amphotericin B lipid complex for a systemic fungal infection. Which assessment findings should the nurse report to the healthcare provider (HCP)?Answer →
  192. 192How are Type IV hypersensitivity reactions different from all other types (I, II, or III) of hypersensitivity reactions?Answer →
  193. 193What is the primary mechanism of action of oseltamivir?Answer →
  194. 194A 39-year-old woman with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) presents with uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis. According to the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines, which of the following statements regarding the treatment approach is correct?Answer →
  195. 195A 28-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes presents with vulvovaginal itching and thick white discharge. She is 10 weeks pregnant. Which is the MOST appropriate treatment?Answer →
  196. 196A patient with a mild penicillin allergy (hives only, no anaphylaxis) requires treatment for otitis media. Which drug is the MOST appropriate option?Answer →
  197. 197A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is receiving vancomycin daily. The nurse should review which of the following laboratory results prior to administering the next dose?Answer →
  198. 198The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving a high dose of intravenous azithromycin to treat an infection. The patient is also taking acetaminophen for pain. The nurse should expect to review which lab values when monitoring for this drug's side effects?Answer →
  199. 199A nurse is caring for a patient with streptococcal pneumonia who is receiving IV penicillin G. Ten minutes after the infusion begins, the patient reports itching at the IV site, dizziness, and shortness of breath. The nurse suspects the patient may be experiencing a severe allergic reaction. Which of the following priority actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  200. 200An older adult client is receiving vancomycin for a hospital acquired infection HAI Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implementAnswer →
  201. 201A client with symptoms of influenza that started the previous day, asks the clinic nurse about taking oseltamivir to treat the infection. Which response should the nurse provide?Answer →
  202. 202Which fluoroquinolone has the best gram positive coverage?Answer →
  203. 203The nurse administers an IV chemotherapeutic agent to a patient. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?Answer →
  204. 204Which statement BEST explains why topical cyclosporine is used in the treatment of dry eyes?Answer →
  205. 205According to the course module, what is an appropriate starting dose for itraconazole in pediatric clients?Answer →
  206. 206Which treatment plan would be the most appropriate for ART (anti-retroviral therapy)?Answer →
  207. 207What is the primary mechanism by which penicillins exert their bactericidal effect?Answer →
  208. 208A nurse is caring for a client with rheumatoid arthritis taking methotrexate weekly, prednisone daily, and adalimumab. Which clinical finding requires immediate follow-up?Answer →
  209. 209A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 3 g/day PO divided into three doses. The amount available is amoxicillin 500 mg tablets. How many tablets should the nurse administer with each dose? Round to the nearest whole number. Enter numeric value only (no commas or labels) tablet(s)Answer →
  210. 210A patient is receiving vancomycin therapy. When should the nurse schedule the collection of blood samples to measure the peak and trough levels of vancomycin?Answer →
  211. 211ML is a 54 y/o male with HIV taking atorvastatin. This is a CYP 3A4 substrate. ML presents to the ER with symptoms of rhabdomyolysis secondary to increased statin levels. Which medication could have been the cause? (select all that apply)Answer →
  212. 212Which medication has both antifungal and antiparasitic properties?Answer →
  213. 213A client with a respiratory infection has been receiving an antibiotic and an antipyretic for five days. Which current result is the best indication that the antibiotic has been effective?Answer →
  214. 214According to 2021 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) guidelines, in which situation should oral doxycycline be added to the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections?Answer →
  215. 215The patient has been ordered Intravenous Linezolid. What type of infection does the patient likely have?Answer →
  216. 216What is the primary goal of antibiotic stewardship programs in clinical practice?Answer →
  217. 217A 60-year-old man with hypertension is prescribed ivermectin for strongyloidiasis. What side effects should the patient be aware of?Answer →
  218. 218The nurse teaches a patient with lung cancer who will take oral cyclophosphamide. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?Answer →
  219. 219A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and a new prescription for IV rifampin. The nurse should instruct the client that they should expect to experience which of the following manifestations while taking this medication?Answer →
  220. 220A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a viral infection. Understanding how viruses exploit host cells, which nursing intervention is most critical to support the client's recovery?Answer →
  221. 221What is the mechanism of action of carbapenems?Answer →
  222. 222A patient who has herpes genitalis receives a prescription for acyclovir (Zovirax). Which criterion should the nurse use to determine whether the antiviral therapy is effective?Answer →
  223. 223Treating empirically which statement is true? (select all that apply)Answer →
  224. 224While teaching the client about taking a new prescription of clindamycin. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects what the nurse should include in this teaching?Answer →
  225. 225A 40-year-old patient presents with fever, fatigue, and a sore throat. Based on clinical assessment and laboratory findings, the nurse suspects a viral infection rather than a bacterial one. Which of the following characteristics supports this suspicion?Answer →
  226. 226A patient is prescribed topical tazarotene for mild to moderate psoriasis. Which of the following patient education statements is MOST appropriate?Answer →
  227. 227A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a dose of IV amphotericin B. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing an acute infusion reaction?Answer →
  228. 228A patient in septic shock is receiving several antibiotics and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which patient assessment findings indicate a potentially lethal complication of the pharmacotherapy? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  229. 229A female client is prescribed a broad spectrum antibiotic. The client reports that she frequently develops a yeast infection when taking antibiotics. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include for the client?Answer →
  230. 230The nurse is assessing a patient taking colchicine (Colcrys). What is an adverse effect of the medication?Answer →
  231. 231A 19-year-old female presents with dysuria, suprapubic pain, and a positive urine culture for E. coli. She is 8 weeks pregnant. What is the safest antibiotic option?Answer →
  232. 232A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who just received a dose of IV filgrastim. The client has cancer and is receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. For which of the following findings should the nurse complete an incident report?Answer →
  233. 233Why are cephalosporins preferred over penicillin in resistant infections?Answer →
  234. 234A 40-year-old renal transplant patient is receiving ganciclovir for CMV prophylaxis. He presents with pallor, fever, and petechiae. Which adverse effect is MOST likely responsible?Answer →
  235. 235Which penicillin subclass is specifically designed to treat infections caused by beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus?Answer →
  236. 236A female patient will receive doxycycline to treat a sexually transmitted illness (STI). What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this medication?Answer →
  237. 237A patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) who has just undergone surgery is taking cotrimoxazole (Bactrim) and morphine for pain. Which is the most important goal in the plan of nursing care?Answer →
  238. 238A 20-month-old child presents with acute otitis media. The child has persistent fever, ear pain, and a bulging tympanic membrane despite 2 days of high-dose amoxicillin. The child attends daycare and was treated with antibiotics 2 months ago. The child has no known drug allergies. What is the MOST appropriate next step in management?Answer →
  239. 239Which teaching for the patient who is taking fluconazole is a priority for the nurse?Answer →
  240. 240Which clinical scenario would BEST indicate the use of imipenem?Answer →
  241. 241The healthcare provider prescribes filgrastim 5 mcgkgday subcutaneous for a client who weighs 132 pounds and has just completed chemotherapy The medication is available in Filgrastim 480 mcg08 mL How many mL should the nurse administer Enter numerical value only If rounding is required round to the nearest tenthAnswer →
  242. 242A college student presents with mild inflammatory acne. They currently wash their face twice daily with a gentle cleanser but have not used any medications. On exam, there are scattered papules and pustules on the forehead and cheeks with minimal scarring. What is the MOST appropriate initial pharmacologic treatment?Answer →
  243. 243A patient is receiving the chemotherapeutic agent, Cyclophosphamide. Which of the following is the most important information for the nurse to share with the client because of the side effects of this medication?Answer →
  244. 244A client receiving cyclophosphamide develops signs of hemorrhagic cystitis, including dysuria and hematuria. Which nursing action should be prioritized to manage this complication?Answer →
  245. 245A 45-year-old male presents with fever, cough, and myalgia. He reports exposure to a coworker diagnosed with influenza. Which of the following medications should be initiated promptly to reduce illness severity and duration?Answer →
  246. 246Which statement BEST explains why topical cyclosporine is used in the treatment of dry eyes?Answer →
  247. 247When selecting between a bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotic, which of the following is the MOST important consideration for a nurse practitioner?Answer →
  248. 248The nurse is administering ampicillin (Principen) to a patient who is also receiving tobramycin (Nebcin). Which occurrence does the nurse make it a priority to prevent because it is likely to occur with this pharmacotherapy?Answer →
  249. 249The nurse is assessing a patient receiving chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Which of the following would be concerning finding(s) by the nurse that will require urgent interventions? Select all that apply.Answer →
  250. 250A nurse is caring for a patient newly prescribed rifampin for tuberculosis. The patient reports noticing an unusual orange discoloration of urine and mild nausea. Which nursing action is most appropriate to address these findings while ensuring patient safety?Answer →
  251. 251The nurse is teaching a patient who will be discharged home from the hospital to take amoxicillin twice daily for 10 days. Which of the following is accurate teaching for this medication?Answer →
  252. 252A 39-year-old woman with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) presents with uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis. According to the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines, which of the following statements regarding the treatment approach is correct?Answer →
  253. 253Associate the potential adverse effects (Column A) with the corresponding drug's name (Column B)Answer →
  254. 254A client is scheduled to receive Tamoxifen. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about Tamoxifen?Answer →
  255. 255Which characteristic distinguishes Penicillin V from Penicillin G?Answer →
  256. 256Removal of a client's spleen following abdominal trauma from a gunshot wound places the client at risk for which types of immune disorders?Answer →
  257. 257What is the mechanism of action of albendazole as an anthelmintic?Answer →
  258. 258A nurse is caring for a client who reports sneezing, productive cough, muscle aches, headache, and fever that has progressed over the last 4 days. Which of the following stages of infection is the client likely experiencing?Answer →
  259. 259The NP prescribes oral fluconazole for vulvovaginal candidiasis. Which lifespan consideration is correct?Answer →
  260. 260The parent of an adolescent tells the clinic nurse, "My child has athlete's feet. I have been applying triple antibiotic ointment for two days, but there has been no improvement." Which instruction should the nurse provide?Answer →
  261. 261A 54-year-old woman develops painful urination and hematuria for the first time since her twenties. Urine culture shows E. coli. The patient is allergic to Sulfa. What is the BEST empiric antibiotic treatment option?Answer →
  262. 262A client is taking combination of antitubercular agents that includes isoniazid (INH). Which of the following is the highest priority labs to monitor based on the side effects of antitubercular medications?Answer →
  263. 263A nurse is caring for a client who has dementia. The provider has prescribed a protease inhibitor medication for the client. The nurse should identify that the medication is given to treat which of the following types of dementia?Answer →
  264. 264Which statement about acyclovir is accurate?Answer →
  265. 265The nurse cares for a patient who presents with jaundiced eyes, malaise, and fever is suspected to have hepatitis. The patient has just returned from an international travel to a low-resourced country. Which viral hepatitis most likely caused the patient's clinical manifestations?Answer →
  266. 266A nurse is preparing to administer an antibiotic to a child who has been receiving treatment for a respiratory infection. Before giving the medication, the nurse notes a rash developing on the child's torso and a report of mild wheezing from the parent. What should be the nurse's priority assessment action?Answer →
  267. 267Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching about the new medication? Select the 2 statements the nurse should include in the teaching.Answer →
  268. 268Which antibacterial agent(s) listed below have the potential to cause ototoxicity? (select all that apply)Answer →
  269. 269A 42-year-old woman with newly diagnosed shingles presents within 24 hours of rash onset. She has normal renal function. Which oral antiviral would be the MOST appropriate first-line therapy?Answer →
  270. 270Antineoplastic drugs require specialized instructions for handling, administering, preparing, and disposal. Which of the following is most accurate regarding these specialty precautions?Answer →
  271. 271Before discharging a patient who has been prescribed antiviral therapy, the nurse stresses the importance of adherence to therapy. What information should the nurse provide in patient teaching to support this instruction about antiviral therapy?Answer →
  272. 272Which class of antiviral drugs is recommended for both the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza?Answer →
  273. 273Which cephalosporin can induce a disulfiram-like reaction if alcohol is consumed?Answer →
  274. 274The nurse is caring for an infant with a viral illness. The mother of the infant asks the nurse about the antiviral medication that is being administered. Which of the following statements would be most accurate regarding antiviral agents?Answer →
  275. 275A patient with hepatitis B asks the nurse, "How did I get this hepatitis?" Which responses are most accurate regarding the mode of transmission for hepatitis B? Select all that applyAnswer →
  276. 276A patient presents with a sore throat, fever, and tonsillar exudates. The rapid strep test is positive for Streptococcus pyogenes. Which antibiotic BEST exploits selective toxicity?Answer →
  277. 277Which of the following statements about chemotherapy treatment is most accurate?Answer →
  278. 278Which of the following is the drug of choice for treating mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile colitis?Answer →
  279. 279Which clinical scenario most likely represents an aspergilloma?Answer →
  280. 280A female patient has been received chemotherapy treatment for the last 4 months. Based on the client's current lab values, what is the highest priority nursing intervention for this client?Answer →
  281. 281The provider orders nystatin for a client with Candida infection in the mouth (thrush). Which of the following most accurately describes the correct administration instructions for nystatin?Answer →
  282. 282A 70-year-old immunocompromised patient with mild COVID-19 presents within 3 days of symptoms. Which therapy is MOST appropriate to reduce progression to severe disease?Answer →
  283. 283Which treatment approach is MOST appropriate for mild, localized impetigo?Answer →
  284. 284Which antiviral has a mechanism of a proton channel inhibitor?Answer →
  285. 285Which capability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is most responsible for its antibiotic resistance?Answer →
  286. 286Which bacterial component does clindamycin primarily target to exert its antimicrobial effect?Answer →
  287. 287Which serum finding is associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma?Answer →
  288. 288When counseling a patient about the potential risks of tacrolimus ointment, which statement is MOST accurate?Answer →
  289. 289Which antibiotic is used for prophylaxis against infection in surgical patients?Answer →
  290. 290A nurse is preparing to administer penicillin G benzathine 1.6 million units IM now. The amount available is penicillin G benzathine 400,000 units/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? Round to the nearest whole number. Enter numeric value only (no commas or labels) mLAnswer →
  291. 291A patient prescribed tetracycline antibiotics presents with new symptoms of nausea and photosensitivity. What should the nurse prioritize in their patient education to prevent further complications?Answer →
  292. 292The nurse is administering vancomycin IV to a client. The client begins to demonstrate red blotching of the face, neck, chest, and both arms. What is the first action the nurse should take?Answer →
  293. 293A 55-year-old hospitalized patient develops severe diarrhea after broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. The nurse practitioner suspects Clostridioides difficile. Which is the MOST appropriate treatment?Answer →
  294. 294A 25-year-old man develops onychomycosis. He is prescribed oral terbinafine. What baseline test is MOST important before initiating therapy?Answer →
  295. 295A patient has a serious intra-abdominal infection. Which antibiotic should the nurse administer to this patient as empiric therapy?Answer →
  296. 296A nurse is educating a client who was prescribed an epoetin alfa medication to manage anemia due to chemotherapy treatment. Which of the following statements about epoetin alfa should the nurse include? Select all that apply.Answer →
  297. 297What is the primary mechanism of action of oseltamivir?Answer →
  298. 298The healthcare provider ordered amphotericin B 250 mg/500 mL to infuse over 8 hours. At what rate will the nurse set the infusion? (If needed, round to the nearest whole number.)Answer →
  299. 299Which of the following BEST describes the mechanism of action of topical tacrolimus in the treatment of atopic dermatitis?Answer →
  300. 300The nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of medication teaching. Which statement made by a client about Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) would indicate to the nurse that the client needs additional teaching?Answer →
  301. 301A 66-year-old patient with heart disease requires ampicillin (Principen) IV for an infection. Which overnight change in the patient's assessment findings is the nurse's priority?Answer →
  302. 302Which of the following is a goal of HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) therapy for HIV/AIDS?Answer →
  303. 303A 7-year-old boy presents with nocturnal perianal itching. His mother confirms she has noticed small, white, threadlike worms around his anus. What is the MOST appropriate evidence-based prescribing decision?Answer →
  304. 304A 25-year-old patient presents with a painful vesicular rash on the left side of their face. They have a history of chickenpox as a child. Which member of the herpes virus family is most likely responsible for this presentation?Answer →
  305. 305The nurse is providing instruction to a patient who is prescribed intravaginal miconazole (Monistat). The nurse knows the patient understands how to use this medication when she:Answer →
  306. 306A 7-year-old boy is prescribed neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone ear drops for otitis externa. His mother asks about side effects. What is the MOST important counseling point?Answer →
  307. 307A 6-year-old child presents with fever, ear pain, and a bulging tympanic membrane on an otoscopic exam. The parent asks if antibiotics are necessary. Which of the following BEST reflects evidence-based management of acute otitis media in children?Answer →
  308. 308A client who is HIV positive asks the nurse about plans to have a baby. Which of these statements accurately describes HIV/AIDS and pregnancy?Answer →
  309. 309A patient is diagnosed with primary syphilis. When should their recent sex partners be notified and undergo evaluation and treatment?Answer →
  310. 310Which characteristic distinguishes Penicillin V from Penicillin G?Answer →
  311. 311Which patient scenario would require oral antibiotic therapy instead of topical treatment?Answer →
  312. 312The nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about foods to avoid when taking linezolid (Zyvox). Which statement by the patient indicates the need for additional teaching?Answer →
  313. 313Match the specific drugs on the left with the general class of antibiotics labeled A-F. Enter only the letter in the blanks. 1 Ampicillin 2 Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim 3 Doxycycline 4 Ciprofloxacin 5 Gentamicin 6 Vancomycin A. Fluoroquinolones B. Polypeptide C. Beta-lactams D. Aminoglycosides E. Tetracyclines F. SulfonamidesAnswer →
  314. 314The nurse administers maraviroc (Selzentry) to a patient with HIV infection. It is most important for the nurse to monitor which of the following?Answer →
  315. 315Which of the following response(s) most accurately describes situations with a high risk of contributing to antibiotic drug resistance? Select all that apply.Answer →
  316. 316What is the primary mechanism of action of acyclovir?Answer →
  317. 317Why are Gram-positive bacteria generally MORE susceptible to antibiotics like penicillin?Answer →
  318. 318A patient has bacterial endocarditis, and a culture reveals Gram-positive streptococcus. Which antibiotic should the nurse expect to administer because it is a protein-synthesis inhibitor?Answer →
  319. 319A 14-year-old with chronic lung disease requires prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Which medication is recommended for prophylaxis in this patient?Answer →
  320. 320Histamine acts on H₁-type GPCR receptors located on vascular endothelium cells causing in vascular permeability.Answer →
  321. 321A nurse is teaching a client who is taking methotrexate and has stomatitis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?Answer →
  322. 322A patient presents with a sore throat, fever, and tonsillar exudates. The rapid strep test is positive for Streptococcus pyogenes. Which antibiotic BEST exploits selective toxicity?Answer →
  323. 323A 7-year-old boy is prescribed neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone ear drops for otitis externa. His mother asks about side effects. What is the MOST important counseling point?Answer →
  324. 324The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed cefazolin sodium. Which is the priority nursing assessment?Answer →
  325. 325The nurse should recognize which response is the immune system's reaction to a source of inflammation?Answer →
  326. 326When is a broad-spectrum antibiotic most appropriate?Answer →
  327. 327The nurse is caring for a patient taking gentamicin. What lab finding should the nurse identify as a potential side effect of this medication?Answer →
  328. 328A patient with which assessment finding is a potential candidate for antibiotic therapy involving the use of an aminoglycoside?Answer →
  329. 329On admission the healthcare provider prescribes a broadspectrum antibiotic for a client with a gramnegative infection Before administering the first dose it is most important for the nurse to implement which prescriptionAnswer →
  330. 330A patient is receiving methotrexate therapy through a Hickman catheter. Which finding is a clinical indication of antineoplastic toxicity in this patient?Answer →
  331. 331A patient is prescribed gentamicin for an acute infection. Which of the following properties makes this drug especially effective?Answer →
  332. 332A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client prior to medication administration and notes a history of an anaphylactic reaction to penicillin. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications is contraindicated for this client?Answer →
  333. 333Match the statement (Column A) with the appropriate antibacterial agent (Column B): Column A 1 Inhibits DNA gyrase 2 Inhibits 30S ribosomal subunit on mRNA translation 3 Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit on mRNA translation 4 Inhibits dihydropteroate synthaseAnswer →
  334. 334A patient is receiving gentamicin for treatment of a severe infection. During therapy, the nurse monitors for potential adverse effects associated with this medication class. Which assessment finding would require immediate follow-up by the nurse?Answer →
  335. 335A client who is taking albendazole reports experiencing fatigue, nausea, and dark urine. The nurse observes a yellowing of the client's skin and sclera. Which laboratory result should the nurse review?Answer →
  336. 336A nurse is caring for a client who has an infection and has been taking penicillin. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse identify as the priority to report to the provider?Answer →
  337. 337A client's tumor measures 2 cm before and after receiving a course of radiotherapy. Which physiological mechanism renders this response to radiation therapy for cancers?Answer →
  338. 338A patient with tuberculosis is struggling to adhere to their prescribed anti-tubercular medication regimen. As a nurse, what actions can be taken to address potential barriers to adherence? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  339. 339What is an early sign of salicylate toxicity?Answer →
  340. 340The clinic nurse is administering an intramuscular dosage of a penicillin agent to a client that presented to the clinic with an infection. Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention?Answer →
  341. 341Which cephalosporin is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis?Answer →
  342. 342Which of the following antibiotics is associated with 'Red Man Syndrome?Answer →
  343. 343A 43-year-old man presents with fever, cough, and myalgia. A rapid test confirms influenza A. Symptoms began 24 hours ago. Which antiviral is the BEST first-line treatment?Answer →
  344. 344A nurse is explaining the therapeutic action of monoclonal antibodies to a client who is starting treatment for cancer. Which of the following actions of monoclonal antibodies should the nurse include in the explanation?Answer →
  345. 345A 48-year-old woman receiving gentamicin develops tinnitus and a persistent headache. What is the correct next step?Answer →
  346. 346A patient is being discharged with a prescription for linezolid (Zyvox). To prevent serotonin syndrome, the nurse checks to ensure that the patient is not receiving which drug?Answer →
  347. 347A patient has been receiving Imipenem (a Carbopenem) for a severe case of osteomyelitis in his ankle. What is the best way to evaluate whether this medication has been effective?Answer →
  348. 348A client recently diagnosed with Influenza is prescribed Oseltamivir Phosphate. What is the most appropriate information for the nurse to include in patient teaching for the client?Answer →
  349. 349When a patient is diagnosed with a Candida infection in the mouth. Which drug does the nurse anticipates that the patient will be treated with?Answer →
  350. 350The nurse understands that a patient with an allergy to sulfonamides may also have a hypersensitivity reaction to what other drugs? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  351. 351A 25-year-old man develops onychomycosis. He is prescribed oral terbinafine. What baseline test is MOST important before initiating therapy?Answer →
  352. 352Which statement shows an accurate mechanism of action?Answer →
  353. 353A nurse is providing care for a hospitalized client for a healthcare associated infection. The nurse notes the client's culture and sensitivity results have just been finalized. The information indicates that the bacteria is resistant to the ordered antibiotic. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?Answer →
  354. 354A patient presents with cough, fever, and shortness of breath. A chest x-ray shows bilateral infiltrates, and viral PCR is positive for influenza A. Which prescribing action is MOST consistent with stewardship principles?Answer →
  355. 355While explaining the benefits of the combination anti infective drug co-trimoxazole/TMP-SMZ to a client receiving the medication for a urinary tract infection, which rationale should the nurse provide?Answer →
  356. 356A 43-year-old man presents with fever, cough, and myalgia. A rapid test confirms influenza A. Symptoms began 24 hours ago. Which antiviral is the BEST first-line treatment?Answer →
  357. 357Which statement BEST explains why topical cyclosporine is used in the treatment of dry eyes?Answer →
  358. 358A nurse is preparing to administer IV vancomycin to a client with a severe gram-positive bacterial infection. Which nursing action is the priority to prevent an adverse effect associated with this medication?Answer →
  359. 359A 5-year-old child presents with chickenpox. The rash began 12 hours ago. Which antiviral could be prescribed to shorten disease duration, and what is the age-appropriate route of administration?Answer →
  360. 360A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client who is receiving filgrastim. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment?Answer →
  361. 361A 24-year-old patient who wears contact lenses presents with red, painful eyes and purulent drainage. The nurse practitioner suspects bacterial conjunctivitis due to Pseudomonas. Which antibiotic is the MOST appropriate initial therapy?Answer →
  362. 362A 6-year-old child is diagnosed with impetigo on the face. The provider prescribes topical mupirocin (Bactroban) and intranasal mupirocin due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization risk. What instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?Answer →
  363. 363A patient has been taking Ciprofloxacin to treat a bacterial infection. The patient calls the provider office complaining of pain above the heel with walking or stretching and difficulty with ankle range of motion. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?Answer →
  364. 364A 36-year-old patient presents with ear pain, pruritus, and purulent discharge from the external auditory canal. The nurse practitioner suspects otitis externa. On review of history, the patient reports having a tympanic membrane perforation. Which of the following is the safest management option?Answer →
  365. 365Which of the following nursing interventions specifically reduces the risk of infection by addressing the portal of entry?Answer →
  366. 366Which structures other than the skin are considered to be the "first line" of defense in humans?Answer →
  367. 367What is the mechanism of action of protease inhibitors (PIs)?Answer →
  368. 368A nurse is reviewing historical data on the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918. What was a significant factor contributing to the high mortality rate of this pandemic?Answer →
  369. 369The nurse administers the initial dose of cefoxitin to a client whose medical record indicates an allergy to penicillin. Which finding is most important for the nurse to report to the healthcare provider (HCP)?Answer →
  370. 370A patient is prescribed topical tazarotene for mild to moderate psoriasis. Which of the following patient education statements is MOST appropriate?Answer →
  371. 371Which of the following statements should the nurse practitioner include when educating a patient about infectious conjunctivitis?Answer →
  372. 372The nurse prepares to administer IV amphotericin B (Fungizone). What action should the nurse implement before administering this medication to prevent adverse effects of therapy?Answer →
  373. 373Which primary teaching considerations should the nurse include for 26-year-old female client prescribed antibiotics? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  374. 374A 60-year-old man with hypertension is prescribed ivermectin for strongyloidiasis. What side effects should the patient be aware of?Answer →
  375. 375A 70-year-old immunocompromised patient with mild COVID-19 presents within 3 days of symptoms. Which therapy is MOST appropriate to reduce progression to severe disease?Answer →
  376. 376A 20-month-old child presents with acute otitis media. The child has persistent fever, ear pain, and a bulging tympanic membrane despite 2 days of high-dose amoxicillin. The child attends daycare and was treated with antibiotics 2 months ago. The child has no known drug allergies. What is the MOST appropriate next step in management?Answer →
  377. 377A patient is receiving Doxorubicin. The nurse will monitor closely for signs of toxicity. Which of the following is the most concerning adverse effect of this medication?Answer →
  378. 378Which statement BEST explains why topical cyclosporine is used in the treatment of dry eyes?Answer →
  379. 379The healthcare provider prescribes acyclovir 800 mg PO every 6 hours for an adolescent with chicken pox. The drug is available in 400 mg tablets PO. How many tablets should the nurse administer to the client every 24 hours? Enter numeric value only.Answer →
  380. 380Which BEST describes the action of a bacteriostatic agent?Answer →
  381. 381A nurse is caring for a client prescribed Ceftriaxone. Which of the following would cause the nurse to hold the medication and call the provider to clarify the order?Answer →
  382. 382A client is receiving amphotericin B intravenous for treatment of a fungal infection. Which laboratory result is most important for the nurse to report to the healthcare provider (HCP)?Answer →
  383. 383An older adult client is receiving vancomycin for a hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?Answer →
  384. 384Which Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guideline supports antifungal stewardship in the management of aspergillosis?Answer →
  385. 385A patient who has had an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) inserted in the right iliac artery contracts a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infection in the intensive care unit. Which antibiotic indicated in the treatment of VRE is the poorest choice for use in this patient?Answer →
  386. 386A 7-year-old boy presents with unilateral eye redness, mucopurulent discharge, and eyelid crusting noted upon waking. He denies recent trauma or visual disturbances. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial management?Answer →
  387. 387The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving vincristine. What method of administration should the nurse use to administer this medication?Answer →
  388. 388The nurse is performing wound care on a burned area using silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) cream in a patient with a leg wound. What actions should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply)Answer →
  389. 389A 48-year-old woman receiving gentamicin develops tinnitus and a persistent headache. What is the correct next step?Answer →
  390. 390A client who is taking an oral dose of a tetracycline reports gastrointestinal (GI) upset. Which snack should the nurse instruct the client to take with the tetracycline?Answer →
  391. 391Which of the statements below describes the antibacterial effect of bactericidal agents?Answer →
  392. 392A client with cancer has been admitted to the hospital for severe anemia due to chemotherapy. For religious reasons, the client is refusing blood transfusions. What order from the provider would the nurse anticipate?Answer →
  393. 393A client is receiving metronidazole for Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis Which information should the nurse include in this clients medication teaching planAnswer →
  394. 394A nurse is preparing to administer penicillin G potassium intravenously to a client. Considering the potassium additive in this medication, which nursing action is the most appropriate to ensure client safety?Answer →
  395. 395A client with moderate to severe acne is prescribed isotretinoin. In addition to pharmacologic treatment, the nurse will encourage the client to optimize non-pharmacologic interventions as well. Which of the following non-pharmacologic interventions are most accurate for acne treatment? Select all that apply.Answer →
  396. 396A patient receiving imipenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, reports new-onset confusion and a mild tremor. The nurse notes a history of renal impairment. Which nursing action is most appropriate to address this situation?Answer →
  397. 397During a community outbreak of E. coli, a public health nurse is tasked with implementing measures to control the spread. Which of the following actions should be prioritized to effectively manage the outbreak?Answer →
  398. 398A nurse is reviewing the medication profile of a client who has been prescribed doxycycline for the treatment of rosacea. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse identify as a contraindication for taking doxycycline?Answer →
  399. 399Which cephalosporin can induce a disulfiram-like reaction if alcohol is consumed?Answer →
  400. 400A 6-year-old child with E. coli urinary tract infection requires oral penicillin. Which medication is preferred and why?Answer →
  401. 401A 3-year-old child is brought to the clinic with acute otitis media (AOM). The child is otherwise healthy, has mild ear pain, and a temperature of 99°F. The parents are concerned and request antibiotics immediately. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines (2013), what is the MOST appropriate management?Answer →
  402. 402Which patient assessment findings are clinical indicators of a hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  403. 403The healthcare provider prescribes acyclovir 800 mg PO every 6 hours for an adolescent with chicken pox The drug is available in 400 mg tablets PO How many tablets should the nurse administer to the client every 24 hours Enter numeric value onlyAnswer →
  404. 404Which antibiotic is reserved for use in patients who have infections of the eyes, ears, or skin and is used to suppress the bowel flora before bowel surgery?Answer →
  405. 405The nurse instructs a patient taking which antibiotic(s) to wear sunscreen and a hat and to avoid the sun between 10 AM and 4 PM? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  406. 406A client taking antibiotics for three days to treat a Streptococcal throat infection returns to the clinic reporting a fine itchy rash across the chest and arms. The nurse auscultates pulmonary wheezing and assesses an elevated heart rate. Which action should the nurse implement?Answer →
  407. 407What is the primary treatment recommendation for adults with onychomycosis?Answer →
  408. 408The nurse should recognize which pathophysiological process describes the role of the immune system in cancer?Answer →
  409. 409A nurse is assessing a client who has a urinary tract infection and is taking sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of an allergic reaction?Answer →
  410. 410How does gentamicin exert its antibacterial effect?Answer →
  411. 411During intravenous (IV) quinolone therapy in an 88-year-old patient, which potential problem is of most concern when assessing for adverse effects?Answer →
  412. 412Which of these early signs and/or symptoms are associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?Answer →
  413. 413In which clinical scenario would a bactericidal agent be preferred over a bacteriostatic agent?Answer →
  414. 414Match the following characteristics to either Malignant Tumor or Benign Tumor.Answer →
  415. 415A 23-year-old pregnant woman develops primary genital HSV infection. Which antiviral is safe to prescribe during pregnancy?Answer →
  416. 416A nurse is discussing the treatment options for a client who has non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which of the following medications should the nurse describe as a monoclonal antibody that targets cancer cells for immune system elimination?Answer →
  417. 417What is the mechanism of action of protease inhibitors (PIs)?Answer →
  418. 418A patient is admitted to the hospital for treatment of pneumonia after complaining of high fever and shortness of breath. The patient was not able to produce sputum for a culture. The nurse will expect the patient's provider to order which of the following?Answer →
  419. 419A patient with mild atopic dermatitis is prescribed pimecrolimus 1% cream. Which statement by the patient indicates the correct understanding of medication use?Answer →
  420. 420The nurse is concerned that a patient taking IV vancomycin (Vancocin) complains of ringing in the ears, because it may indicate what?Answer →
  421. 421Which of the following drugs does the nurse include when teaching caregivers about treatment of neonates with RSV?Answer →
  422. 422A nursing student is preparing a presentation about anticancer agents. Which of the following statements does the nursing student identify is most accurate for "cell-cycle specific chemotherapy agents?Answer →
  423. 423In what circumstances is expedited partner therapy (EPT) recommended?Answer →
  424. 424A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed Tenofovir (BIKTARVY). Which clinical scenario best explains the rationale for this medication prescription?Answer →
  425. 425Which statement best describes how oseltamivir works?Answer →
  426. 426A nurse is caring for a patient with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Which intervention is most critical to prevent the spread of infection in the healthcare setting?Answer →
  427. 427What is the primary mechanism of action of tetracyclines?Answer →
  428. 428A nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with enterobiasis and prescribed pyrantel pamoate. Which statement best demonstrates the nurse's understanding of pyrantel's pharmacological classification and mechanism of action?Answer →
  429. 429Which statement best captures the goal and timing of antivirals in high-risk, nonhospitalized adults with COVID-19 infection?Answer →
  430. 430Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient about anthelmintic therapy?Answer →
  431. 431A 2-year patient presents with right ear pain and purulent drainage after frequent swimming. Pain increases when the tragus is palpated. The patient has no history of chronic illness or immunodeficiency, and the tympanic membrane is intact. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate management?Answer →
  432. 432Antibiotic-resistant organisms are a major infection control problem. To help minimize the emergence of resistant bacteria, which instruction should the nurse provide to clients?Answer →
  433. 433Which of the following pathogens is MOST associated with acute otitis externa for selecting appropriate empirical treatment?Answer →
  434. 434A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with invasive candidiasis who is prescribed caspofungin. Which nursing action best reflects an understanding of caspofungin's therapeutic use?Answer →
  435. 435The nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin (Amoxil) to a patient and learns that the patient previously experienced a rash when taking penicillin. Which action will the nurse take?Answer →
  436. 436Which option correctly matches each consideration to its category in rational antibiotic selection?Answer →
  437. 437Which agent is the drug of choice for most infections caused by herpes simplex viruses and varicella-zoster virus?Answer →
  438. 438What is the mechanism of action of carbapenems?Answer →
  439. 439Which statement BEST describes the pharmacologic action shared by podophyllin and podofilox in the treatment of venereal warts?Answer →
  440. 440Which of the following antibiotics is a narrow-spectrum penicillin?Answer →
  441. 441A nurse is preparing to administer baloxavir marboxil to a hospitalized adult patient diagnosed with influenza. The provider orders the medication 72 hours after symptom onset. Which nursing action is most appropriate based on the pharmacologic characteristics and timing considerations of this antiviral?Answer →
  442. 442The nurse is teaching a client with HIV about antiretroviral therapy. Which statement requires further instruction?Answer →
  443. 443A 45-year-old patient presents with chronic plaque psoriasis. Emollients and topical steroids have provided only partial relief. The patient reports significant pruritus and has concerns about the cosmetic appearance. Which of the following treatment strategies is MOST appropriate to escalate care?Answer →
  444. 444The nurse receives report on a new patient. The patient is currently on Ganciclovir. What infection does the nurse suspect the patient has?Answer →
  445. 445A 6-year-old child is diagnosed with a bacterial infection and requires antibiotic therapy. When reviewing the prescribed medications, the nurse recognizes that one antibiotic is contraindicated in young children because it can cause permanent discoloration of developing teeth. Which antibiotic should the nurse question?Answer →
  446. 446Which laboratory parameter should the nurse monitor in a patient taking linezolid (Zyvox) to prevent a serious complication of therapy?Answer →
  447. 447A 16-year-old patient is prescribed benzoyl peroxide gel for moderate acne. The patient states, "My skin is getting red and peeling after a week of use." What is the nurse's best response?Answer →
  448. 448Which of the following statements accurately describes the recommended first-line management of uncomplicated acute otitis externa?Answer →
  449. 449Which one of the following chemotherapeutic agents can lead to a form of neurotoxicity of the peripheral nerves, also known as stocking-glove syndrome, that causes numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes?Answer →
  450. 450A male client is admitted for observation because he is reporting progressively increasing fatigue over the past month and a brief episode of dizziness that occurred today. He has a history of heartburn and indigestion that he self treats with ibuprofen and antacids. Which assessment finding should the nurse report immediately to the healthcare provider (HCP)?Answer →
  451. 451The patient is a 37-year-old African-American man who lives in San Jose, California. He was recently incarcerated near Bakersfield, California and returned to Oakland about 3 months ago. He is currently experiencing 1 month of severe headache and double vision. He has a temperature of 38.6°C (101.5°F), and the physical examination reveals nuchal rigidity and right-sided sixth cranial nerve palsy. MRI of his brain is normal, and lumbar puncture reveals 330 WBC with 20% eosinophils, protein 75, and glucose 20. HIV test is negative, TB skin test is negative, CSF cryptococcal antigen is negative, and CSF gram stain is negative. Patient receives empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis with vancomycin and ceftriaxone, and he is unimproved after 72 hours of treatment. After 3 days, a white mold is identified growing from his CSF culture. What mold is likely the cause?Answer →
  452. 452The nurse is caring for a client who takes methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis and receives a prescription for adalimumab. Which instructions should the nurse provide the client?Answer →
  453. 453A patient with bacterial meningitis requires empiric IV antibiotic therapy. Which cephalosporin is MOST appropriate due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier?Answer →
  454. 454A patient who is HIV-infected takes 800 mg of indinavir (Crixivan), a protease inhibitor medication. The provider has ordered adding ritonavir (Norvir) to the regimen. The nurse will teach the patient that the addition of ritonavir:Answer →
  455. 455A patient who is receiving IV gentamicin (Garamycin) has a trough level of 3.8 mcg/mL. Which action should the nurse implement?Answer →
  456. 456A patient with stress-triggered recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV2) asks about the management of outbreaks. Which treatment is the MOST appropriate?Answer →
  457. 457A second generation oral cephalosporin, cefprozil, is prescribed for a toddler with acute otitis media. Which information should the nurse include in the medication teaching with this child's parents?Answer →
  458. 458A patient who is taking isoniazid (INH) as part of a two-drug tuberculosis treatment regimen reports tingling of the fingers and toes. The nurse will recommend discussing which treatment with the provider?Answer →
  459. 459The client reports to the nurse that the last time penicillin was prescribed a severe maculopapular rash appeared over the entire chest Which information should the nurse provide the client regarding future antibiotic prescriptionsAnswer →
  460. 460What is the MOST common adverse effect associated with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)?Answer →
  461. 461A nurse is teaching a female adult client who has a new prescription for azathioprine to treat active rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should inform the client about the need for which of the following diagnostic tests prior to starting the medication?Answer →
  462. 462The provider has just prescribed Amphotericin B for a hospitalized client. Based on the medication prescribed, the nurse anticipates that the client has been diagnosed with which disorder?Answer →
  463. 463Which over-the-counter (OTC) medication(s) should the nurse instruct patients to avoid while taking doxycycline (Doryx)? (Select all that apply.)Answer →
  464. 464What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?Answer →
  465. 465A teenage client goes to the medical clinic seeking treatment for mild acne. The nurse anticipates the provider will first recommend which of the following agents?Answer →
  466. 466A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about the stages of infection. The nurse should include that which of the following is the first stage of an infection?Answer →
  467. 467On admission the healthcare provider prescribes a broad-spectrum antibiotic for a client with a gram-negative infection. Before administering the first dose, it is most important for the nurse to implement which prescription?Answer →
  468. 468A client's family asks the nurse, "Why is chemotherapy given in multiple cycles instead of being given all at once?" What is the best response by the nurse?Answer →
  469. 469According to 2021 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) guidelines, in which situation should oral doxycycline be added to the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections?Answer →
  470. 470Which drugs are considered the drugs of choice for treating enterobiasis?Answer →
  471. 471A 3-year-old child is prescribed pyrantel pamoate for pinworms. The parents report that their child is still symptomatic after 1 week. What is the MOST appropriate advice?Answer →
  472. 472A hospitalized patient develops frequent watery diarrhea after completing a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Stool testing confirms Clostridium difficile infection. Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering to treat this condition?Answer →
  473. 473The nurse is administering an anti-infective agent that is considered "bactericidal". Which of the following best describes the action of a bactericidal agent?Answer →
  474. 474In caring for an infant after circumcision, the nurse observes continued bleeding from the site and suspects hemophilia. Which hematological components are insufficient causing bleeding if hemophilia is present?Answer →
  475. 475A client with a new cancer diagnosis is prescribed dexamethasone. What is the expected effect of this medication in the treatment of cancer?Answer →